A Competitive Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred...

Many authors wrote about the spiritual emptiness of society after the First World War, when many people were very disillusioned and trying to find meaning in their lives. Two authors that were writing during this time were T.S. Eliot who wrote his very well-known poem, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† (1915), and F. Scott Fitzgerald who wrote his famous novel, The Great Gatsby (1925). Both Eliot and Fitzgerald criticized the spiritual emptiness in their society by revealing their characters inability to communicate, to love, and to see the truth about their own lives. Eliot and Fitzgeralds characters are unable to communicate because of their spiritual emptiness. In T.S. Eliots â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† this lack of communication mainly seen through the peoples insecurities. Talking about the parties, J. Alfred Prufrock states: In the room the women come and go Talking of Michelangelo. †¦ I know the voices dying with a dying fall Beneath the music from a farther room. (35-53) The people of this society are unable to communicate with one another because they are carrying meaningless conversation that is kept to impress rather than express. The fact that they are â€Å"Talking of Michelangelo† shows their desperate desire to impress (36). Along with that, the women that â€Å"come and go† have no purpose of being at these parties, emphasizing the spiritually emptiness within the society; this society is very blinded by false social expectations

Overvie of CORE Methodology - 1580 Words

Overview of CORE Methodology Controlled Requirement Expression (CORE) was developed for the British Aerospace programs while the UK Ministry of Defence was carrying out a requirement analysis (Hull et al., 2010). The fundamental component of the CORE methodology is viewpoints as different users see systems in different ways. There are many different stakeholders involved in a system; using CORE methodology involves finding all the different viewpoints of those stakeholders that have an interest in the system whether it’s a person, role or organisation ext.†¦ (Sommerville and Sawyer, 2000). By organising viewpoints hierarchy it assists experts to read the scope and supports the analysis process. CORE Methodology is extensively used for real†¦show more content†¦This makes the analysing stage easier as you can refer back to the Node Notes if the client doesn’t understand a node. Name Description Smoke Detectors A fire-protection device that automatically detects and gives a warning of the presence of smoke. Motion Detectors A motion Detector is a device that detects moving objects particularly people Magnetic Sensors Magnetic Sensors are usually placed on access points like windows and doors. Magnetic sensors consist of two pieces that form a circuit and when separated signal control that an alarm event has occurred. Keycard A plastic card, which has a magnetically encoded data that can be used to open magnetic closed doors. Validate Card This action involves checking that the keycard is validate and has permission to enter a zone. Stage 6: CORE Action Diagrams Action Diagram converts specifies processing action from a Tabular collection diagram into a graphic notation. CORE Action Diagram – Fire System CORE Action Diagram – Security System The Requirement Document The Requirements Documents refers to an official report of the systems requirements for customers, end-users and software developers (Sommerville, 2007). The report should specify what the system delivers, system properties such as reliability, efficiency, etc.†¦ it should be documented in different notations to make understandable by a diverse range of people. Architectural Design Architectural Design is the first stage in the design process;

Factors that compelled Tesco to exit the Japanese Market Free Essays

Executive summary Tesco is the third largest retail company in the world after Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and Carrefour SA. The paper provides an overview of Tesco PLC and its market expansion strategy in competitive markets, specifically Japan. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors that compelled Tesco to exit the Japanese Market? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The paper briefly provides information on Tesco’s entry into the Japanese retail market. It provides details of the factors that compelled Tesco to exit from the Japanese retail market. It is argued that other foreign retail companies had failed in the Japanese market primarily due to unique shopping habits of Japanese consumers. Synopsis of the Case study Tesco is a UK based retailer company founded in 1919 (Humby, 2008). The company is the third-largest in the world in terms of sales, behind Wal-Mart Stores Inc. of the United States (US) and Chain Carrefour SA of France (Humby, 2008). Tesco carried out extensive research spanning several years in its strategy to expand its market to other already established and emerging markets internationally. Tesco embarked on expansion, into new markets, establishing new stores in the US, entering emerging markets in Central Europe and Japan through acquisition and entering markets like South Korea and Malaysia through a joint measure (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). At the end of August 2011, Tesco announced its exit from Japan where it had entered the market through acquisition. Tesco’s exit from Japan was motivated by its failure to establish enough scalable business after its 8 years operation in Japan, the economic and demographic factors which have affected the purchasing trends among the Japanese, Japanese consumers switched from purchasing branded luxury products in Tesco stores and preferred more affordable private labels. In addition there were a series of food safety scares that hit the Japanese retail market and Tesco’s British business format. Additionally, Tesco failed to compete with department and supermarket stores in Japan. The paper critically assesses the factors that compelled Tesco to withdraw from the Japanese Market. The company has in excess of 500,000 employees in its chain stores around the word. Tesco aims at delivering a consistently strong customer offer based on each customer visit and transaction by focusing on the Group’s core business purpose. Tesco enjoys a 30% market share in the British grocery market making it the biggest player in retail business in the UK. Other players are Asda with 16.9% of the market, Sainsbury’s with 16.4%, Morrison’s with 11.5% and Co-op/Somerfield with 9.2% of the market share (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). Theoretical framework Tesco has expanded its presence to about 5400 chain stores operating in 14 markets outside the UK. The company has grown its business value and operations to become the third-largest retailer in the world behind Wal-Mart Stores Inc. of the US and France’s retail Chain Carrefour SA (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). Tesco’s main business focus is to expand its business in established markets and emerging markets around the world. With a focus to expand its business operations, Tesco operates about 1400 stores in Asian countries of Japan, China, Thailand, Malaysia and South Korea. Tesco began its expansion to the Asian market in 1998 when it acquired a 75% majority controlling in Thailand’s Lotus, a chain of 13 hypermarkets for 111 million British pounds. In March 1999, Tesco further expanded its business expansion strategy in the Asian market with a joint venture with Samsung in South Korea. In 2002, Tesco entered the Malaysian retail market through a joint venture with a local company called Sime Darby Behad (Tesco’s internal data, 2009) The collapse in asset values caused by financial crisis in the late 1990s significantly facilitated the company’s expansion in South-East Asia. Tesco expanded its market into the Japanese market in 2003 by acquiring a controlling interest in the C Two-Network Co, a discount supermarket chain. However, in September 2011, Tesco PLC took the decision to withdraw its retail business operations from the Japanese market and sold off its operations consisting of 129 chain stores. The stores were in the Tokyo area and other stores operating under the Tesco brand, Tesco Express and supermarkets under the Tsurukame brand. The supermarket sector in Japan is fiercely competitive and unprofitable. From the case study, it seems clear that Aeton and Itoh Yokado, the two largest supermarket groups in Japan are struggling to make profit even though they enjoy huge economies of scale. Tesco and other global supermarkets with their plentiful capital failed to successfully penetrate the Japanese market. Despite Tesco’s intending to offer low prices on bulky purchases, things did not turn out to be successful and eventually Tesco had to exit the market. Sogo and Seibu, a big-name in Japanese departmental stores failed to dig into the Japanese retail market. Tesco, and other foreign players like Carrefour and Wal-Mart moved to fill the gaps left by the ailing domestic retailers in the general merchandise store (GMS) segment by setting up their stores or forging an alliance with a domestic player. Despite the business strategy, Tesco and other foreign retailers struggles to successfully penetrate into the difficult Japanese market. Answer to the question. At the end of August 2011, Tesco announced its exit from Japan. The following are the factors that compelled Tesco to withdraw from the Japanese Market. Economic and demographic factors that have affected the purchasing trends among the Japanese. The Japanese grocery retail is a mature market valued at US$370 billion, and it’s the second largest in the world behind the US market. The Japanese grocery sales per capita boosts as the highest in the world at more than US$ 3,300 in a year. However, the market still remains troubled. A combination of economic and demographic factors have resulted in the grocery retail market slipping by 1.2% in 2004 (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). Since the bubble burst in early 1990s, the Japanese economy has been in the doldrums, followed by deflation in the consumer price in subsequent years. Since the economic downturn, consumer confidence has never fully recovered. In relation to demographic factors, the population growth has been stagnant in recent years, resulting in diminished volume growth opportunity, in the retail market. The consumption patterns of the Japanese have changed along with the demographic shifts and varying lifestyles. The birth rate is declining and the population is ageing. High levels of unemployment have prompted people to migrate to city areas that provide more work options. The consequence is an increased demand for freshly prepared and convenience Japanese-style foods. The foods are readily available in at food halls and convenience stores in department stores. The Japanese masses have not widely embraced Western cuisines resulting in a bumpy ride and the eventual fallout of the both the domestic and foreign retailers such as Tesco. In July 2011, supermarket sales in Japan diminished by 1.2% overall to 1.05 trillion Yen. The fall has been recorded for the last 20 consecutive months based on a year-on-year comparison. In July 2011, a decline of -0.6% in food was recorded, -2.7% decline in household products, -0.8% decline in clothing, -1.7% decline in services and a decline of -3.3% in miscellaneous items (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). The statistics indicate that supermarket sales were dwindling, and Tesco found it hard to continue operating within such a difficult environment (Williamson, 2013). Tesco failed to establish enough scalable business after its 8 years operation in Japan. According to CEO, Philip Clarke, Japanese shopping habits were very different from those envisioned in business strategies and business processes of Tesco. According to Clarke, the British consumers enjoy carrying out a â€Å"big shop† once in a week since there is enough room to keep their shopping. In contrast, for many Japanese, space is premium and carrying out a big shop is not an option. Tesco, like other foreign retail companies, failed to adapt fully to the local shopping habits of the Japanese consumers. Consumers switching from branded luxury products in Tesco stores to more affordable private labels. Despite the demand for staple food and household items remaining flat, some consumers switched from purchasing branded luxury products to private labels that are more affordable. However, the penetration of such private labels products has not been popular compared to branded products because the Japanese consumers are still conscious of the product brand of the item they purchase. A series of food safety scares hit the market. The outbreak of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in Japanese cows, use of non-approved additives in packaged foods and product origin being mislabeled eroded consumer confidence and caused a series of food safety scares in the grocery retail market. The British business format of Tesco failed to compete with department and supermarket stores in Japan. The people of Japan put much emphasis on the quality and freshness of food items. They, therefore, prefer to shop many times in a week instead of carrying out a single bulk shopping in a weekly basis. Departmental store food halls began offering high price but high quality foods while low priced standard food products were offered by supermarkets. Although discount stores started increasingly introducing fresh food product to encourage more customer visits, they were considered to be at the lower end of the market along with convenience stores. The small retail channels have increased their market share in recent years because their business format meets the Japanese consumers’ preference for shopping several times each week. They have also widened their range of services such as the provision of added-value services, bill-paying facilities, cash machines and delivery services. The small retail channels business format is in contrast with Tesco business format. As a result, Tesco faced a challenge of penetrating the highly competitive business segment. The Japanese people are highly demanding and fussy consumers who need to be provided with a wide selection of goods and foodstuffs. The Japanese consumers also value freshness of their produce, and they are likely to question of the stock in a hypermarket such as Tesco. Japanese consumers make frequent visits to many different stores per week instead of carrying out a one stop-shop within a single supermarket store. Conclusion In summary, the expansion strategy taken by Tesco into the Japanese market was a well-timed one. However, the Japanese market posed many difficulties which prevented Tesco penetrating the market and achieving profits. Despite that Tesco invested many resources and formulated strategies to gain the Japanese retail market, its failure to establish a business format to suit the Japanese consumers’ lifestyle envisaged its eventual exit. Other foreign retail companies such as Carrefour SA of France had failed to attain profit. Economic factors also led Tesco’s exit as consumers changed preference. The consumer patterns of the Japanese can be difficult to accommodate and formulate a business format to suit their demands and lifestyle. References Humby C, et al. (2008) Scoring Points: How Tesco Continues to Win Customer Loyalty. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Tesco’s internal data, 2009 (www.tesco.com) Williamson C, et al. (2013) Strategic Management and Business Analysis. London: Routledge. How to cite Factors that compelled Tesco to exit the Japanese Market?, Essay examples

Evaluating Quality of Qualitative Research-myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Was there a clear statement of the aim of the research? 2.Is a qualitative methodology appropriate? 3.Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? 4.Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? 5.Were the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? 6.Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered? 7.Have the ethical issues been taken into the consideration? 8.Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? 9.Is there a clear statement of findings? 10.How valuable is the research? Answers: Introducation: It was studied that proponents of evidence based healthcare advocate acquiring the explicit knowledge from international research as well as applying it into the practices. However, the parallel vogue for experience or knowledgeOperations management into the industries has insisted on the techniques to elicit and share practitioners tacit knowledge (2). In addition, the increasing influence of regional context on attempts to change clinical practice has presented almost unbeatable barriers to the search for simple generalized methods for performing the research evidences. Moreover, it is learnt from the article that the evidences from psychologists regarding the role of shortcuts such as scripts, heuristics and other clinical decision-making, which itself tends to play down the social as well as organizational context, has usually overlooked in the over-rationalists model in evidence based health care. The authors have particularly mentioned that appropriate execution of research evidence could include an intensive understanding of the techniques of collective sense-making based on which both, explicit and tacit is usually negotiated, constructed into the regular practice. An intensive discussion on evidence-based research also helps to unprocessed research information is transferable into knowledge in practice at several levels. Thereby, it is quite relevant and helpful to consider evidence based healthcare discretely-social movement carrying clear values as well as convention, regional context based on which evidences based policies are formed, individual clinician applying the globally accepted approach. Techniques used in the study The article is based on the exploration about how primary care clinicians acquire their individual and collective healthcare decisions. As this is an ethnographic article, it has used some standard methods such as observation, semi-structured interview and the review of existing documentation (5). The authors have analyzed the data thematically. In order to gain the outcome with empirical evidences, the authors have considered two different organizational setting; one is located in South of England and other one is located in North England. The data collected for the analysis is authentic as the data is collected from the reliable sources. For primary analysis, a particular number of respondents have been involved in the study. The major participants are doctors, nurse, phlebotomist, associated medical staff and others who have genuine knowledge regarding the context. Result derived from the study After applying a set of research methods, the authors have found that individual usually do not go through the steps that are conventionally associated with the liner-rational model of evidence-based healthcare. The study indicates that hardly a number of staff go through the clinical guidelines available to them both in digital and paper format. Most of the staffs have mentioned that they go through those guidelines in their leisure time. Moreover, it was also found that clinicians hardly used or accessed the explicit evidences directly from the researches or other formal sources. Evaluating the quality of Gabby May paper with CASP question heading ( Such as Strength and Weakness) 1.Yes, the article has a clear statement related to the context. The major aim of the research was to explore how primary care clinicians obtain their individual as well as collective healthcare decisions. Any research should set criteria to lead the research towards the desired direction and gain expected outcome (6). Even though, the medical science has improved a lot and it applies innovation in the practices, it is important to learn what and how primary clinicians make their collective decision-making. This study paper uncovers the fact that clinicians rarely use the clinical guidelines to make their collective healthcare decision. 2.The study tries to interpret the subjective actions such as the ethnography underpinned the data collection, analysis and interpretation of the research paper. The study gained the access to two different but highly regarded general practices. In addition, the study lights up the ways in which the process of collective sense making based on which both explicit as tacit knowledge is processed, constructed and incorporated into the routine practice (4). 3.The ethnographic study applied some standard methods using a plenty of time for analysis. In order to gain the authentic outcome from the application of techniques, the authors have purposely gained the access to different healthcare setting. Over two, the authors have studied all the practitioners, their use of information and knowledge in clinician patents communication in the practitioners surgery. All actions and initiative applied by the staff of the selected healthcare practices have been observed for two years. Such techniques and time helped the author to gain the authentic results from the study (8). Thus, it can be mentioned that research design used in the study was appropriate. 4.The authors did not mention the recruitment strategy but the type of respondents involved in the data collection was clearly mentioned in the study. However, the authors have probably recruited the candidates based on particular sample and criteria, as the general respondents cannot be involved in the study for analysis, as the research context requires experienced practitioners and healthcare staff only who have worked for long in the healthcare setting. In addition, based on the recruitment strategy used in the study, 9 doctors, 3 nurses, 1 phlebotomist and other associated medical staff was involved. 5.It is certain that data used for the analysis addressed the research issues as for the collection of data, the authors not only analyzed the use of information and knowledge of the practitioner, the authors collected data by using non-participant observation as well as semi-structured formal as well as informal interview. Moreover, the data were collected by observing the patient and clinicians interaction in the surgery in the practice setting. 6.Even through, no discussion has been provided about the researcher and participant relationship in the study, but the study reveals that the authors knew healthcare practices selected for research before they start conducting the research. 7.Every piece of research requires ethical grounds to be considered (2). The authors involved different category of healthcare professional such as GP, Nurses, and other staff from two different healthcare setting. However, it is certain that authors considered the ethical grounds as the identity of general setting has not been disclosed in the paper. Moreover, the authors did not mention any name of the participants. However, based on a usual assumption, it can be mentioned that authors took the consent of the setting and their staff because without the consent, access to internal practice may be denied. 8.Using different types of data collection methods, the authors provided an intensive analysis regarding the clinicians individual and collective decision-making process. As the authors gained the opportunity to observe and record the real interaction of patient and clinicians, the analysis was made on the actual interpretation (3). 9.The findings provided in the study are clear and comprehensible and the findings were presented with two multiple sections to understand the respective facts related to the topic. In addition, the abstract of the research provides the brief of the findings. 10.The study provides valuable information regarding how clinicians use their individual clinical decisions. It uncovers the conventional clinicians decision-making practices. It helps to learn that only a few numbers of people is reliable on the linear rational model of evidences based on healthcare. However, the research lacks an appropriate recommendation. Concluding the essay The study conducted by Gabby May helps to learn several unknown facts regarding the clinical practices. The authors selected a significant topic and conducted the research, which is rare but important. The paper effectively explored the facts and events of clinical facts of primary care with evidences. The study reveals that the popularity and promotion of evidence based healthcare over the past few decades resulted in several dilemmas. As this is an ethnographic article, it has utilized some particular standard methods such as observation, semi-structured interview and the review of existing documentation (7). Most importantly, the study helps to learn how an EBM can be used and how doctors and other healthcare staff use it into their practice. People are usually accustomed with the idea that doctors often follow the clinical guidelines. The study reveals that the clinical guidelines are only used when the practitioners have to attend a practice meeting or they encounter a critical patient condition. In addition, the findings of the study certainly change the way people usually think of the use of EBM. The previous studies, theories and other observation hold the belief that evidence based medicines are used following the guideline and mandatory verbal instruction. However, the study reveals that the doctors usually look for the shortcuts and they rely on the trusted sources such as magazines of trusted doctors. Based on the findings of the study, it can be added that primary care should change their ways of using EBM to avoid risk. References Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology. 2006 Jan 1;3(2):77-101. Gabbay J, le May A. Evidence based guidelines or collectively constructed mindlines? Ethnographic study of knowledge management in primary care. Bmj. 2004 Oct 28;329(7473):1013. Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Rowlingson JC, Enneking FK, Kopp SL, Benzon HT, Brown DL, Heit JA, Mulroy MF, Rosenquist RW, Tryba M. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines. Regional anesthesia and pain medicine. 2010 Jan 1;35(1):64-101. MacIntyre NR. Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuingOperations ventilatory support: a collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians; the American Association for Respiratory Care; and the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Chest Journal. 2001 Dec 1;120(6_suppl):375S-96S. Reeves S, Albert M, Kuper A, Hodges BD. Why use theories in qualitative research. Bmj. 2008 Sep 13;337(7670):631-4. Saarni SI, Gylling HA. Evidence based medicine guidelines: a solution to rationing or politics disguised as science?. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2004 Apr 1;30(2):171-5. Szczepiorkowski ZM, Winters JL, Bandarenko N, Kim HC, Linenberger ML, Marques MB, Sarode R, Schwartz J, Weinstein R, Shaz BH. Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practiceevidence?based approach from the apheresis applications committee of the American Society for Apheresis. Journal of clinical apheresis. 2010 Jan 1;25(3):83-177. Yardley L. Dilemmas in qualitative health research. Psychology and health. 2000 Mar 1;15(2):215-28.

Evaluating Quality of Qualitative Research-myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Was there a clear statement of the aim of the research? 2.Is a qualitative methodology appropriate? 3.Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? 4.Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? 5.Were the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? 6.Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered? 7.Have the ethical issues been taken into the consideration? 8.Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? 9.Is there a clear statement of findings? 10.How valuable is the research? Answers: Introducation: It was studied that proponents of evidence based healthcare advocate acquiring the explicit knowledge from international research as well as applying it into the practices. However, the parallel vogue for experience or knowledgeOperations management into the industries has insisted on the techniques to elicit and share practitioners tacit knowledge (2). In addition, the increasing influence of regional context on attempts to change clinical practice has presented almost unbeatable barriers to the search for simple generalized methods for performing the research evidences. Moreover, it is learnt from the article that the evidences from psychologists regarding the role of shortcuts such as scripts, heuristics and other clinical decision-making, which itself tends to play down the social as well as organizational context, has usually overlooked in the over-rationalists model in evidence based health care. The authors have particularly mentioned that appropriate execution of research evidence could include an intensive understanding of the techniques of collective sense-making based on which both, explicit and tacit is usually negotiated, constructed into the regular practice. An intensive discussion on evidence-based research also helps to unprocessed research information is transferable into knowledge in practice at several levels. Thereby, it is quite relevant and helpful to consider evidence based healthcare discretely-social movement carrying clear values as well as convention, regional context based on which evidences based policies are formed, individual clinician applying the globally accepted approach. Techniques used in the study The article is based on the exploration about how primary care clinicians acquire their individual and collective healthcare decisions. As this is an ethnographic article, it has used some standard methods such as observation, semi-structured interview and the review of existing documentation (5). The authors have analyzed the data thematically. In order to gain the outcome with empirical evidences, the authors have considered two different organizational setting; one is located in South of England and other one is located in North England. The data collected for the analysis is authentic as the data is collected from the reliable sources. For primary analysis, a particular number of respondents have been involved in the study. The major participants are doctors, nurse, phlebotomist, associated medical staff and others who have genuine knowledge regarding the context. Result derived from the study After applying a set of research methods, the authors have found that individual usually do not go through the steps that are conventionally associated with the liner-rational model of evidence-based healthcare. The study indicates that hardly a number of staff go through the clinical guidelines available to them both in digital and paper format. Most of the staffs have mentioned that they go through those guidelines in their leisure time. Moreover, it was also found that clinicians hardly used or accessed the explicit evidences directly from the researches or other formal sources. Evaluating the quality of Gabby May paper with CASP question heading ( Such as Strength and Weakness) 1.Yes, the article has a clear statement related to the context. The major aim of the research was to explore how primary care clinicians obtain their individual as well as collective healthcare decisions. Any research should set criteria to lead the research towards the desired direction and gain expected outcome (6). Even though, the medical science has improved a lot and it applies innovation in the practices, it is important to learn what and how primary clinicians make their collective decision-making. This study paper uncovers the fact that clinicians rarely use the clinical guidelines to make their collective healthcare decision. 2.The study tries to interpret the subjective actions such as the ethnography underpinned the data collection, analysis and interpretation of the research paper. The study gained the access to two different but highly regarded general practices. In addition, the study lights up the ways in which the process of collective sense making based on which both explicit as tacit knowledge is processed, constructed and incorporated into the routine practice (4). 3.The ethnographic study applied some standard methods using a plenty of time for analysis. In order to gain the authentic outcome from the application of techniques, the authors have purposely gained the access to different healthcare setting. Over two, the authors have studied all the practitioners, their use of information and knowledge in clinician patents communication in the practitioners surgery. All actions and initiative applied by the staff of the selected healthcare practices have been observed for two years. Such techniques and time helped the author to gain the authentic results from the study (8). Thus, it can be mentioned that research design used in the study was appropriate. 4.The authors did not mention the recruitment strategy but the type of respondents involved in the data collection was clearly mentioned in the study. However, the authors have probably recruited the candidates based on particular sample and criteria, as the general respondents cannot be involved in the study for analysis, as the research context requires experienced practitioners and healthcare staff only who have worked for long in the healthcare setting. In addition, based on the recruitment strategy used in the study, 9 doctors, 3 nurses, 1 phlebotomist and other associated medical staff was involved. 5.It is certain that data used for the analysis addressed the research issues as for the collection of data, the authors not only analyzed the use of information and knowledge of the practitioner, the authors collected data by using non-participant observation as well as semi-structured formal as well as informal interview. Moreover, the data were collected by observing the patient and clinicians interaction in the surgery in the practice setting. 6.Even through, no discussion has been provided about the researcher and participant relationship in the study, but the study reveals that the authors knew healthcare practices selected for research before they start conducting the research. 7.Every piece of research requires ethical grounds to be considered (2). The authors involved different category of healthcare professional such as GP, Nurses, and other staff from two different healthcare setting. However, it is certain that authors considered the ethical grounds as the identity of general setting has not been disclosed in the paper. Moreover, the authors did not mention any name of the participants. However, based on a usual assumption, it can be mentioned that authors took the consent of the setting and their staff because without the consent, access to internal practice may be denied. 8.Using different types of data collection methods, the authors provided an intensive analysis regarding the clinicians individual and collective decision-making process. As the authors gained the opportunity to observe and record the real interaction of patient and clinicians, the analysis was made on the actual interpretation (3). 9.The findings provided in the study are clear and comprehensible and the findings were presented with two multiple sections to understand the respective facts related to the topic. In addition, the abstract of the research provides the brief of the findings. 10.The study provides valuable information regarding how clinicians use their individual clinical decisions. It uncovers the conventional clinicians decision-making practices. It helps to learn that only a few numbers of people is reliable on the linear rational model of evidences based on healthcare. However, the research lacks an appropriate recommendation. Concluding the essay The study conducted by Gabby May helps to learn several unknown facts regarding the clinical practices. The authors selected a significant topic and conducted the research, which is rare but important. The paper effectively explored the facts and events of clinical facts of primary care with evidences. The study reveals that the popularity and promotion of evidence based healthcare over the past few decades resulted in several dilemmas. As this is an ethnographic article, it has utilized some particular standard methods such as observation, semi-structured interview and the review of existing documentation (7). Most importantly, the study helps to learn how an EBM can be used and how doctors and other healthcare staff use it into their practice. People are usually accustomed with the idea that doctors often follow the clinical guidelines. The study reveals that the clinical guidelines are only used when the practitioners have to attend a practice meeting or they encounter a critical patient condition. In addition, the findings of the study certainly change the way people usually think of the use of EBM. The previous studies, theories and other observation hold the belief that evidence based medicines are used following the guideline and mandatory verbal instruction. However, the study reveals that the doctors usually look for the shortcuts and they rely on the trusted sources such as magazines of trusted doctors. Based on the findings of the study, it can be added that primary care should change their ways of using EBM to avoid risk. References Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology. 2006 Jan 1;3(2):77-101. Gabbay J, le May A. Evidence based guidelines or collectively constructed mindlines? Ethnographic study of knowledge management in primary care. Bmj. 2004 Oct 28;329(7473):1013. Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Rowlingson JC, Enneking FK, Kopp SL, Benzon HT, Brown DL, Heit JA, Mulroy MF, Rosenquist RW, Tryba M. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines. Regional anesthesia and pain medicine. 2010 Jan 1;35(1):64-101. MacIntyre NR. Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuingOperations ventilatory support: a collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians; the American Association for Respiratory Care; and the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Chest Journal. 2001 Dec 1;120(6_suppl):375S-96S. Reeves S, Albert M, Kuper A, Hodges BD. Why use theories in qualitative research. Bmj. 2008 Sep 13;337(7670):631-4. Saarni SI, Gylling HA. Evidence based medicine guidelines: a solution to rationing or politics disguised as science?. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2004 Apr 1;30(2):171-5. Szczepiorkowski ZM, Winters JL, Bandarenko N, Kim HC, Linenberger ML, Marques MB, Sarode R, Schwartz J, Weinstein R, Shaz BH. Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practiceevidence?based approach from the apheresis applications committee of the American Society for Apheresis. Journal of clinical apheresis. 2010 Jan 1;25(3):83-177. Yardley L. Dilemmas in qualitative health research. Psychology and health. 2000 Mar 1;15(2):215-28.