A Competitive Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred...

Many authors wrote about the spiritual emptiness of society after the First World War, when many people were very disillusioned and trying to find meaning in their lives. Two authors that were writing during this time were T.S. Eliot who wrote his very well-known poem, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† (1915), and F. Scott Fitzgerald who wrote his famous novel, The Great Gatsby (1925). Both Eliot and Fitzgerald criticized the spiritual emptiness in their society by revealing their characters inability to communicate, to love, and to see the truth about their own lives. Eliot and Fitzgeralds characters are unable to communicate because of their spiritual emptiness. In T.S. Eliots â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† this lack of communication mainly seen through the peoples insecurities. Talking about the parties, J. Alfred Prufrock states: In the room the women come and go Talking of Michelangelo. †¦ I know the voices dying with a dying fall Beneath the music from a farther room. (35-53) The people of this society are unable to communicate with one another because they are carrying meaningless conversation that is kept to impress rather than express. The fact that they are â€Å"Talking of Michelangelo† shows their desperate desire to impress (36). Along with that, the women that â€Å"come and go† have no purpose of being at these parties, emphasizing the spiritually emptiness within the society; this society is very blinded by false social expectations

Overvie of CORE Methodology - 1580 Words

Overview of CORE Methodology Controlled Requirement Expression (CORE) was developed for the British Aerospace programs while the UK Ministry of Defence was carrying out a requirement analysis (Hull et al., 2010). The fundamental component of the CORE methodology is viewpoints as different users see systems in different ways. There are many different stakeholders involved in a system; using CORE methodology involves finding all the different viewpoints of those stakeholders that have an interest in the system whether it’s a person, role or organisation ext.†¦ (Sommerville and Sawyer, 2000). By organising viewpoints hierarchy it assists experts to read the scope and supports the analysis process. CORE Methodology is extensively used for real†¦show more content†¦This makes the analysing stage easier as you can refer back to the Node Notes if the client doesn’t understand a node. Name Description Smoke Detectors A fire-protection device that automatically detects and gives a warning of the presence of smoke. Motion Detectors A motion Detector is a device that detects moving objects particularly people Magnetic Sensors Magnetic Sensors are usually placed on access points like windows and doors. Magnetic sensors consist of two pieces that form a circuit and when separated signal control that an alarm event has occurred. Keycard A plastic card, which has a magnetically encoded data that can be used to open magnetic closed doors. Validate Card This action involves checking that the keycard is validate and has permission to enter a zone. Stage 6: CORE Action Diagrams Action Diagram converts specifies processing action from a Tabular collection diagram into a graphic notation. CORE Action Diagram – Fire System CORE Action Diagram – Security System The Requirement Document The Requirements Documents refers to an official report of the systems requirements for customers, end-users and software developers (Sommerville, 2007). The report should specify what the system delivers, system properties such as reliability, efficiency, etc.†¦ it should be documented in different notations to make understandable by a diverse range of people. Architectural Design Architectural Design is the first stage in the design process;

Factors that compelled Tesco to exit the Japanese Market Free Essays

Executive summary Tesco is the third largest retail company in the world after Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and Carrefour SA. The paper provides an overview of Tesco PLC and its market expansion strategy in competitive markets, specifically Japan. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors that compelled Tesco to exit the Japanese Market? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The paper briefly provides information on Tesco’s entry into the Japanese retail market. It provides details of the factors that compelled Tesco to exit from the Japanese retail market. It is argued that other foreign retail companies had failed in the Japanese market primarily due to unique shopping habits of Japanese consumers. Synopsis of the Case study Tesco is a UK based retailer company founded in 1919 (Humby, 2008). The company is the third-largest in the world in terms of sales, behind Wal-Mart Stores Inc. of the United States (US) and Chain Carrefour SA of France (Humby, 2008). Tesco carried out extensive research spanning several years in its strategy to expand its market to other already established and emerging markets internationally. Tesco embarked on expansion, into new markets, establishing new stores in the US, entering emerging markets in Central Europe and Japan through acquisition and entering markets like South Korea and Malaysia through a joint measure (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). At the end of August 2011, Tesco announced its exit from Japan where it had entered the market through acquisition. Tesco’s exit from Japan was motivated by its failure to establish enough scalable business after its 8 years operation in Japan, the economic and demographic factors which have affected the purchasing trends among the Japanese, Japanese consumers switched from purchasing branded luxury products in Tesco stores and preferred more affordable private labels. In addition there were a series of food safety scares that hit the Japanese retail market and Tesco’s British business format. Additionally, Tesco failed to compete with department and supermarket stores in Japan. The paper critically assesses the factors that compelled Tesco to withdraw from the Japanese Market. The company has in excess of 500,000 employees in its chain stores around the word. Tesco aims at delivering a consistently strong customer offer based on each customer visit and transaction by focusing on the Group’s core business purpose. Tesco enjoys a 30% market share in the British grocery market making it the biggest player in retail business in the UK. Other players are Asda with 16.9% of the market, Sainsbury’s with 16.4%, Morrison’s with 11.5% and Co-op/Somerfield with 9.2% of the market share (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). Theoretical framework Tesco has expanded its presence to about 5400 chain stores operating in 14 markets outside the UK. The company has grown its business value and operations to become the third-largest retailer in the world behind Wal-Mart Stores Inc. of the US and France’s retail Chain Carrefour SA (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). Tesco’s main business focus is to expand its business in established markets and emerging markets around the world. With a focus to expand its business operations, Tesco operates about 1400 stores in Asian countries of Japan, China, Thailand, Malaysia and South Korea. Tesco began its expansion to the Asian market in 1998 when it acquired a 75% majority controlling in Thailand’s Lotus, a chain of 13 hypermarkets for 111 million British pounds. In March 1999, Tesco further expanded its business expansion strategy in the Asian market with a joint venture with Samsung in South Korea. In 2002, Tesco entered the Malaysian retail market through a joint venture with a local company called Sime Darby Behad (Tesco’s internal data, 2009) The collapse in asset values caused by financial crisis in the late 1990s significantly facilitated the company’s expansion in South-East Asia. Tesco expanded its market into the Japanese market in 2003 by acquiring a controlling interest in the C Two-Network Co, a discount supermarket chain. However, in September 2011, Tesco PLC took the decision to withdraw its retail business operations from the Japanese market and sold off its operations consisting of 129 chain stores. The stores were in the Tokyo area and other stores operating under the Tesco brand, Tesco Express and supermarkets under the Tsurukame brand. The supermarket sector in Japan is fiercely competitive and unprofitable. From the case study, it seems clear that Aeton and Itoh Yokado, the two largest supermarket groups in Japan are struggling to make profit even though they enjoy huge economies of scale. Tesco and other global supermarkets with their plentiful capital failed to successfully penetrate the Japanese market. Despite Tesco’s intending to offer low prices on bulky purchases, things did not turn out to be successful and eventually Tesco had to exit the market. Sogo and Seibu, a big-name in Japanese departmental stores failed to dig into the Japanese retail market. Tesco, and other foreign players like Carrefour and Wal-Mart moved to fill the gaps left by the ailing domestic retailers in the general merchandise store (GMS) segment by setting up their stores or forging an alliance with a domestic player. Despite the business strategy, Tesco and other foreign retailers struggles to successfully penetrate into the difficult Japanese market. Answer to the question. At the end of August 2011, Tesco announced its exit from Japan. The following are the factors that compelled Tesco to withdraw from the Japanese Market. Economic and demographic factors that have affected the purchasing trends among the Japanese. The Japanese grocery retail is a mature market valued at US$370 billion, and it’s the second largest in the world behind the US market. The Japanese grocery sales per capita boosts as the highest in the world at more than US$ 3,300 in a year. However, the market still remains troubled. A combination of economic and demographic factors have resulted in the grocery retail market slipping by 1.2% in 2004 (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). Since the bubble burst in early 1990s, the Japanese economy has been in the doldrums, followed by deflation in the consumer price in subsequent years. Since the economic downturn, consumer confidence has never fully recovered. In relation to demographic factors, the population growth has been stagnant in recent years, resulting in diminished volume growth opportunity, in the retail market. The consumption patterns of the Japanese have changed along with the demographic shifts and varying lifestyles. The birth rate is declining and the population is ageing. High levels of unemployment have prompted people to migrate to city areas that provide more work options. The consequence is an increased demand for freshly prepared and convenience Japanese-style foods. The foods are readily available in at food halls and convenience stores in department stores. The Japanese masses have not widely embraced Western cuisines resulting in a bumpy ride and the eventual fallout of the both the domestic and foreign retailers such as Tesco. In July 2011, supermarket sales in Japan diminished by 1.2% overall to 1.05 trillion Yen. The fall has been recorded for the last 20 consecutive months based on a year-on-year comparison. In July 2011, a decline of -0.6% in food was recorded, -2.7% decline in household products, -0.8% decline in clothing, -1.7% decline in services and a decline of -3.3% in miscellaneous items (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). The statistics indicate that supermarket sales were dwindling, and Tesco found it hard to continue operating within such a difficult environment (Williamson, 2013). Tesco failed to establish enough scalable business after its 8 years operation in Japan. According to CEO, Philip Clarke, Japanese shopping habits were very different from those envisioned in business strategies and business processes of Tesco. According to Clarke, the British consumers enjoy carrying out a â€Å"big shop† once in a week since there is enough room to keep their shopping. In contrast, for many Japanese, space is premium and carrying out a big shop is not an option. Tesco, like other foreign retail companies, failed to adapt fully to the local shopping habits of the Japanese consumers. Consumers switching from branded luxury products in Tesco stores to more affordable private labels. Despite the demand for staple food and household items remaining flat, some consumers switched from purchasing branded luxury products to private labels that are more affordable. However, the penetration of such private labels products has not been popular compared to branded products because the Japanese consumers are still conscious of the product brand of the item they purchase. A series of food safety scares hit the market. The outbreak of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in Japanese cows, use of non-approved additives in packaged foods and product origin being mislabeled eroded consumer confidence and caused a series of food safety scares in the grocery retail market. The British business format of Tesco failed to compete with department and supermarket stores in Japan. The people of Japan put much emphasis on the quality and freshness of food items. They, therefore, prefer to shop many times in a week instead of carrying out a single bulk shopping in a weekly basis. Departmental store food halls began offering high price but high quality foods while low priced standard food products were offered by supermarkets. Although discount stores started increasingly introducing fresh food product to encourage more customer visits, they were considered to be at the lower end of the market along with convenience stores. The small retail channels have increased their market share in recent years because their business format meets the Japanese consumers’ preference for shopping several times each week. They have also widened their range of services such as the provision of added-value services, bill-paying facilities, cash machines and delivery services. The small retail channels business format is in contrast with Tesco business format. As a result, Tesco faced a challenge of penetrating the highly competitive business segment. The Japanese people are highly demanding and fussy consumers who need to be provided with a wide selection of goods and foodstuffs. The Japanese consumers also value freshness of their produce, and they are likely to question of the stock in a hypermarket such as Tesco. Japanese consumers make frequent visits to many different stores per week instead of carrying out a one stop-shop within a single supermarket store. Conclusion In summary, the expansion strategy taken by Tesco into the Japanese market was a well-timed one. However, the Japanese market posed many difficulties which prevented Tesco penetrating the market and achieving profits. Despite that Tesco invested many resources and formulated strategies to gain the Japanese retail market, its failure to establish a business format to suit the Japanese consumers’ lifestyle envisaged its eventual exit. Other foreign retail companies such as Carrefour SA of France had failed to attain profit. Economic factors also led Tesco’s exit as consumers changed preference. The consumer patterns of the Japanese can be difficult to accommodate and formulate a business format to suit their demands and lifestyle. References Humby C, et al. (2008) Scoring Points: How Tesco Continues to Win Customer Loyalty. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Tesco’s internal data, 2009 (www.tesco.com) Williamson C, et al. (2013) Strategic Management and Business Analysis. London: Routledge. How to cite Factors that compelled Tesco to exit the Japanese Market?, Essay examples

Evaluating Quality of Qualitative Research-myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Was there a clear statement of the aim of the research? 2.Is a qualitative methodology appropriate? 3.Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? 4.Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? 5.Were the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? 6.Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered? 7.Have the ethical issues been taken into the consideration? 8.Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? 9.Is there a clear statement of findings? 10.How valuable is the research? Answers: Introducation: It was studied that proponents of evidence based healthcare advocate acquiring the explicit knowledge from international research as well as applying it into the practices. However, the parallel vogue for experience or knowledgeOperations management into the industries has insisted on the techniques to elicit and share practitioners tacit knowledge (2). In addition, the increasing influence of regional context on attempts to change clinical practice has presented almost unbeatable barriers to the search for simple generalized methods for performing the research evidences. Moreover, it is learnt from the article that the evidences from psychologists regarding the role of shortcuts such as scripts, heuristics and other clinical decision-making, which itself tends to play down the social as well as organizational context, has usually overlooked in the over-rationalists model in evidence based health care. The authors have particularly mentioned that appropriate execution of research evidence could include an intensive understanding of the techniques of collective sense-making based on which both, explicit and tacit is usually negotiated, constructed into the regular practice. An intensive discussion on evidence-based research also helps to unprocessed research information is transferable into knowledge in practice at several levels. Thereby, it is quite relevant and helpful to consider evidence based healthcare discretely-social movement carrying clear values as well as convention, regional context based on which evidences based policies are formed, individual clinician applying the globally accepted approach. Techniques used in the study The article is based on the exploration about how primary care clinicians acquire their individual and collective healthcare decisions. As this is an ethnographic article, it has used some standard methods such as observation, semi-structured interview and the review of existing documentation (5). The authors have analyzed the data thematically. In order to gain the outcome with empirical evidences, the authors have considered two different organizational setting; one is located in South of England and other one is located in North England. The data collected for the analysis is authentic as the data is collected from the reliable sources. For primary analysis, a particular number of respondents have been involved in the study. The major participants are doctors, nurse, phlebotomist, associated medical staff and others who have genuine knowledge regarding the context. Result derived from the study After applying a set of research methods, the authors have found that individual usually do not go through the steps that are conventionally associated with the liner-rational model of evidence-based healthcare. The study indicates that hardly a number of staff go through the clinical guidelines available to them both in digital and paper format. Most of the staffs have mentioned that they go through those guidelines in their leisure time. Moreover, it was also found that clinicians hardly used or accessed the explicit evidences directly from the researches or other formal sources. Evaluating the quality of Gabby May paper with CASP question heading ( Such as Strength and Weakness) 1.Yes, the article has a clear statement related to the context. The major aim of the research was to explore how primary care clinicians obtain their individual as well as collective healthcare decisions. Any research should set criteria to lead the research towards the desired direction and gain expected outcome (6). Even though, the medical science has improved a lot and it applies innovation in the practices, it is important to learn what and how primary clinicians make their collective decision-making. This study paper uncovers the fact that clinicians rarely use the clinical guidelines to make their collective healthcare decision. 2.The study tries to interpret the subjective actions such as the ethnography underpinned the data collection, analysis and interpretation of the research paper. The study gained the access to two different but highly regarded general practices. In addition, the study lights up the ways in which the process of collective sense making based on which both explicit as tacit knowledge is processed, constructed and incorporated into the routine practice (4). 3.The ethnographic study applied some standard methods using a plenty of time for analysis. In order to gain the authentic outcome from the application of techniques, the authors have purposely gained the access to different healthcare setting. Over two, the authors have studied all the practitioners, their use of information and knowledge in clinician patents communication in the practitioners surgery. All actions and initiative applied by the staff of the selected healthcare practices have been observed for two years. Such techniques and time helped the author to gain the authentic results from the study (8). Thus, it can be mentioned that research design used in the study was appropriate. 4.The authors did not mention the recruitment strategy but the type of respondents involved in the data collection was clearly mentioned in the study. However, the authors have probably recruited the candidates based on particular sample and criteria, as the general respondents cannot be involved in the study for analysis, as the research context requires experienced practitioners and healthcare staff only who have worked for long in the healthcare setting. In addition, based on the recruitment strategy used in the study, 9 doctors, 3 nurses, 1 phlebotomist and other associated medical staff was involved. 5.It is certain that data used for the analysis addressed the research issues as for the collection of data, the authors not only analyzed the use of information and knowledge of the practitioner, the authors collected data by using non-participant observation as well as semi-structured formal as well as informal interview. Moreover, the data were collected by observing the patient and clinicians interaction in the surgery in the practice setting. 6.Even through, no discussion has been provided about the researcher and participant relationship in the study, but the study reveals that the authors knew healthcare practices selected for research before they start conducting the research. 7.Every piece of research requires ethical grounds to be considered (2). The authors involved different category of healthcare professional such as GP, Nurses, and other staff from two different healthcare setting. However, it is certain that authors considered the ethical grounds as the identity of general setting has not been disclosed in the paper. Moreover, the authors did not mention any name of the participants. However, based on a usual assumption, it can be mentioned that authors took the consent of the setting and their staff because without the consent, access to internal practice may be denied. 8.Using different types of data collection methods, the authors provided an intensive analysis regarding the clinicians individual and collective decision-making process. As the authors gained the opportunity to observe and record the real interaction of patient and clinicians, the analysis was made on the actual interpretation (3). 9.The findings provided in the study are clear and comprehensible and the findings were presented with two multiple sections to understand the respective facts related to the topic. In addition, the abstract of the research provides the brief of the findings. 10.The study provides valuable information regarding how clinicians use their individual clinical decisions. It uncovers the conventional clinicians decision-making practices. It helps to learn that only a few numbers of people is reliable on the linear rational model of evidences based on healthcare. However, the research lacks an appropriate recommendation. Concluding the essay The study conducted by Gabby May helps to learn several unknown facts regarding the clinical practices. The authors selected a significant topic and conducted the research, which is rare but important. The paper effectively explored the facts and events of clinical facts of primary care with evidences. The study reveals that the popularity and promotion of evidence based healthcare over the past few decades resulted in several dilemmas. As this is an ethnographic article, it has utilized some particular standard methods such as observation, semi-structured interview and the review of existing documentation (7). Most importantly, the study helps to learn how an EBM can be used and how doctors and other healthcare staff use it into their practice. People are usually accustomed with the idea that doctors often follow the clinical guidelines. The study reveals that the clinical guidelines are only used when the practitioners have to attend a practice meeting or they encounter a critical patient condition. In addition, the findings of the study certainly change the way people usually think of the use of EBM. The previous studies, theories and other observation hold the belief that evidence based medicines are used following the guideline and mandatory verbal instruction. However, the study reveals that the doctors usually look for the shortcuts and they rely on the trusted sources such as magazines of trusted doctors. Based on the findings of the study, it can be added that primary care should change their ways of using EBM to avoid risk. References Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology. 2006 Jan 1;3(2):77-101. Gabbay J, le May A. Evidence based guidelines or collectively constructed mindlines? Ethnographic study of knowledge management in primary care. Bmj. 2004 Oct 28;329(7473):1013. Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Rowlingson JC, Enneking FK, Kopp SL, Benzon HT, Brown DL, Heit JA, Mulroy MF, Rosenquist RW, Tryba M. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines. Regional anesthesia and pain medicine. 2010 Jan 1;35(1):64-101. MacIntyre NR. Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuingOperations ventilatory support: a collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians; the American Association for Respiratory Care; and the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Chest Journal. 2001 Dec 1;120(6_suppl):375S-96S. Reeves S, Albert M, Kuper A, Hodges BD. Why use theories in qualitative research. Bmj. 2008 Sep 13;337(7670):631-4. Saarni SI, Gylling HA. Evidence based medicine guidelines: a solution to rationing or politics disguised as science?. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2004 Apr 1;30(2):171-5. Szczepiorkowski ZM, Winters JL, Bandarenko N, Kim HC, Linenberger ML, Marques MB, Sarode R, Schwartz J, Weinstein R, Shaz BH. Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practiceevidence?based approach from the apheresis applications committee of the American Society for Apheresis. Journal of clinical apheresis. 2010 Jan 1;25(3):83-177. Yardley L. Dilemmas in qualitative health research. Psychology and health. 2000 Mar 1;15(2):215-28.

Evaluating Quality of Qualitative Research-myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Was there a clear statement of the aim of the research? 2.Is a qualitative methodology appropriate? 3.Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? 4.Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? 5.Were the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? 6.Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered? 7.Have the ethical issues been taken into the consideration? 8.Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? 9.Is there a clear statement of findings? 10.How valuable is the research? Answers: Introducation: It was studied that proponents of evidence based healthcare advocate acquiring the explicit knowledge from international research as well as applying it into the practices. However, the parallel vogue for experience or knowledgeOperations management into the industries has insisted on the techniques to elicit and share practitioners tacit knowledge (2). In addition, the increasing influence of regional context on attempts to change clinical practice has presented almost unbeatable barriers to the search for simple generalized methods for performing the research evidences. Moreover, it is learnt from the article that the evidences from psychologists regarding the role of shortcuts such as scripts, heuristics and other clinical decision-making, which itself tends to play down the social as well as organizational context, has usually overlooked in the over-rationalists model in evidence based health care. The authors have particularly mentioned that appropriate execution of research evidence could include an intensive understanding of the techniques of collective sense-making based on which both, explicit and tacit is usually negotiated, constructed into the regular practice. An intensive discussion on evidence-based research also helps to unprocessed research information is transferable into knowledge in practice at several levels. Thereby, it is quite relevant and helpful to consider evidence based healthcare discretely-social movement carrying clear values as well as convention, regional context based on which evidences based policies are formed, individual clinician applying the globally accepted approach. Techniques used in the study The article is based on the exploration about how primary care clinicians acquire their individual and collective healthcare decisions. As this is an ethnographic article, it has used some standard methods such as observation, semi-structured interview and the review of existing documentation (5). The authors have analyzed the data thematically. In order to gain the outcome with empirical evidences, the authors have considered two different organizational setting; one is located in South of England and other one is located in North England. The data collected for the analysis is authentic as the data is collected from the reliable sources. For primary analysis, a particular number of respondents have been involved in the study. The major participants are doctors, nurse, phlebotomist, associated medical staff and others who have genuine knowledge regarding the context. Result derived from the study After applying a set of research methods, the authors have found that individual usually do not go through the steps that are conventionally associated with the liner-rational model of evidence-based healthcare. The study indicates that hardly a number of staff go through the clinical guidelines available to them both in digital and paper format. Most of the staffs have mentioned that they go through those guidelines in their leisure time. Moreover, it was also found that clinicians hardly used or accessed the explicit evidences directly from the researches or other formal sources. Evaluating the quality of Gabby May paper with CASP question heading ( Such as Strength and Weakness) 1.Yes, the article has a clear statement related to the context. The major aim of the research was to explore how primary care clinicians obtain their individual as well as collective healthcare decisions. Any research should set criteria to lead the research towards the desired direction and gain expected outcome (6). Even though, the medical science has improved a lot and it applies innovation in the practices, it is important to learn what and how primary clinicians make their collective decision-making. This study paper uncovers the fact that clinicians rarely use the clinical guidelines to make their collective healthcare decision. 2.The study tries to interpret the subjective actions such as the ethnography underpinned the data collection, analysis and interpretation of the research paper. The study gained the access to two different but highly regarded general practices. In addition, the study lights up the ways in which the process of collective sense making based on which both explicit as tacit knowledge is processed, constructed and incorporated into the routine practice (4). 3.The ethnographic study applied some standard methods using a plenty of time for analysis. In order to gain the authentic outcome from the application of techniques, the authors have purposely gained the access to different healthcare setting. Over two, the authors have studied all the practitioners, their use of information and knowledge in clinician patents communication in the practitioners surgery. All actions and initiative applied by the staff of the selected healthcare practices have been observed for two years. Such techniques and time helped the author to gain the authentic results from the study (8). Thus, it can be mentioned that research design used in the study was appropriate. 4.The authors did not mention the recruitment strategy but the type of respondents involved in the data collection was clearly mentioned in the study. However, the authors have probably recruited the candidates based on particular sample and criteria, as the general respondents cannot be involved in the study for analysis, as the research context requires experienced practitioners and healthcare staff only who have worked for long in the healthcare setting. In addition, based on the recruitment strategy used in the study, 9 doctors, 3 nurses, 1 phlebotomist and other associated medical staff was involved. 5.It is certain that data used for the analysis addressed the research issues as for the collection of data, the authors not only analyzed the use of information and knowledge of the practitioner, the authors collected data by using non-participant observation as well as semi-structured formal as well as informal interview. Moreover, the data were collected by observing the patient and clinicians interaction in the surgery in the practice setting. 6.Even through, no discussion has been provided about the researcher and participant relationship in the study, but the study reveals that the authors knew healthcare practices selected for research before they start conducting the research. 7.Every piece of research requires ethical grounds to be considered (2). The authors involved different category of healthcare professional such as GP, Nurses, and other staff from two different healthcare setting. However, it is certain that authors considered the ethical grounds as the identity of general setting has not been disclosed in the paper. Moreover, the authors did not mention any name of the participants. However, based on a usual assumption, it can be mentioned that authors took the consent of the setting and their staff because without the consent, access to internal practice may be denied. 8.Using different types of data collection methods, the authors provided an intensive analysis regarding the clinicians individual and collective decision-making process. As the authors gained the opportunity to observe and record the real interaction of patient and clinicians, the analysis was made on the actual interpretation (3). 9.The findings provided in the study are clear and comprehensible and the findings were presented with two multiple sections to understand the respective facts related to the topic. In addition, the abstract of the research provides the brief of the findings. 10.The study provides valuable information regarding how clinicians use their individual clinical decisions. It uncovers the conventional clinicians decision-making practices. It helps to learn that only a few numbers of people is reliable on the linear rational model of evidences based on healthcare. However, the research lacks an appropriate recommendation. Concluding the essay The study conducted by Gabby May helps to learn several unknown facts regarding the clinical practices. The authors selected a significant topic and conducted the research, which is rare but important. The paper effectively explored the facts and events of clinical facts of primary care with evidences. The study reveals that the popularity and promotion of evidence based healthcare over the past few decades resulted in several dilemmas. As this is an ethnographic article, it has utilized some particular standard methods such as observation, semi-structured interview and the review of existing documentation (7). Most importantly, the study helps to learn how an EBM can be used and how doctors and other healthcare staff use it into their practice. People are usually accustomed with the idea that doctors often follow the clinical guidelines. The study reveals that the clinical guidelines are only used when the practitioners have to attend a practice meeting or they encounter a critical patient condition. In addition, the findings of the study certainly change the way people usually think of the use of EBM. The previous studies, theories and other observation hold the belief that evidence based medicines are used following the guideline and mandatory verbal instruction. However, the study reveals that the doctors usually look for the shortcuts and they rely on the trusted sources such as magazines of trusted doctors. Based on the findings of the study, it can be added that primary care should change their ways of using EBM to avoid risk. References Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology. 2006 Jan 1;3(2):77-101. Gabbay J, le May A. Evidence based guidelines or collectively constructed mindlines? Ethnographic study of knowledge management in primary care. Bmj. 2004 Oct 28;329(7473):1013. Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Rowlingson JC, Enneking FK, Kopp SL, Benzon HT, Brown DL, Heit JA, Mulroy MF, Rosenquist RW, Tryba M. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines. Regional anesthesia and pain medicine. 2010 Jan 1;35(1):64-101. MacIntyre NR. Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuingOperations ventilatory support: a collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians; the American Association for Respiratory Care; and the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Chest Journal. 2001 Dec 1;120(6_suppl):375S-96S. Reeves S, Albert M, Kuper A, Hodges BD. Why use theories in qualitative research. Bmj. 2008 Sep 13;337(7670):631-4. Saarni SI, Gylling HA. Evidence based medicine guidelines: a solution to rationing or politics disguised as science?. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2004 Apr 1;30(2):171-5. Szczepiorkowski ZM, Winters JL, Bandarenko N, Kim HC, Linenberger ML, Marques MB, Sarode R, Schwartz J, Weinstein R, Shaz BH. Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practiceevidence?based approach from the apheresis applications committee of the American Society for Apheresis. Journal of clinical apheresis. 2010 Jan 1;25(3):83-177. Yardley L. Dilemmas in qualitative health research. Psychology and health. 2000 Mar 1;15(2):215-28.

Food Production in the Last 100 Years an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Food Production in the Last 100 Years With the increasing number of human population, there have also been large demands on commodities and food supply. Food production in the last 100 years has greatly increased. Over the years, food manufacturing and food processing companies have greatly doubled its effort to provide the populace with the quantity and quality of food needed. These companies have been able to develop technologies and techniques to produce large quantity of food needed by the society. New advances in breeding birds, pigs, cows and other animals have been developed. Also, new technologies in producing crops, rice, wheat, fruits and vegetables are also growing. Need essay sample on "Food Production in the Last 100 Years" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The increasing demand on food production has lead humankind to innovative ways in handling, manufacturing and processing of food. Little spaces which, is the past years cannot be utilized can now be used with high profits. Furthermore, scientists have developed ways in order to cope up with the increasing demand for food production through biotechnology. It plays a crucial part in increasing the agricultural productivity of the 21st century. If it is safely used, it could be a tremendous help to the increasing demand food production (Benefits of GM, n.d., para. 1). College Students Very Often Tell Us:Who wants to write assignment for me?Professional writers suggest: Order Papers On Essaylab.ComCheap Essays Not Plagiarized Cheap Essay Writing Service Best Essay Writing Service Pay Someone To Write My Paper Cheap However, the mentioned practices have yielded some negative impacts to the animals, the environment and to the society as well. The increasing demand for food production has caused producers to confine the animals in very small and crowded pens or cages or in restrictive stall areas which limits the movement of the organisms. The space is so little is that animals cant even turn around or lie down comfortably that some animals get sick and die (Cruelty to Animals, n.d., para. 3). Furthermore, to produce large quantity of food, these animals are being fed with drugs to keep them alive in the harsh conditions that they are living in (Cruelty to Animals, n.d. para. 4). Aside from these, the increasing demand in food production for the past 100 years has also led to an increase wastes products from farmed animals, increase use of pesticides and fertilizers to yield more which can cause some negative effects to other plants and some animals, loss of hybrid species and genetic mutation. Other plants and animals that were not commonly utilized as food are now being consumed. Also, people have been very dependent on food manufacturing companies for food. And with the increasing advances in food production, people find it hard to land a job in food production since machines or robots are doing the work. Furthermore, food production has also helped the economy of many countries since it is a continuously growing market. However, in third world countries or in developing countries, food production has pose negative impacts to society as some of these countries cannot cope up in providing the quantity of food needed. Putting everything into the above context, food production for the past 100 years has greatly increased and is positively correlated with the increase in population size. Moreover, food production has caused man to innovate and developed technologies to increase food production. It has also changed many lives of people but it has also caused environmental damage. References Benefits of GM. n.d. Benefits of GM. Retrieved on April 16, 2007 from http://library.thinkquest.org/C0118084/Benefits/Increase_Production.htm Cruelty to Animals. n.d. Cruelty to Animals: Mechanized Madness. GoVeg.com. Retrieved on April 16, 2007 from http://www.goveg.com/factoryFarming.asp

Brainstorming Essay Essays - Social Psychology, Collaboration

Brainstorming Essay Essays - Social Psychology, Collaboration Brainstorming Essay Traditional vs Modern societies Simranjit Kaur 214493498 The essay topic I have chosen to do is comparing and contrasting traditional and modern societies. I found this topic very interesting because I would be analyzing how society has changed over time. Society will forever be changing and its interesting to know how the first societies came to be. My argument would be that modern and traditional societies do have many differences but the most important differences are the social structure, mass consumption, and family structure. I am also more sympathetic towards modern society's, because traditional societies are very sexist and unfair by the way they treat children. Modern society lets individuals be themselves and grow as a person, where as in traditional society people were conformed and did not have much freedom. In traditional society, a person could not enjoy life instead they had duties they had to fulfill for their family's honour. Today, women have freedom and rights, they can get married to whoever, have an career, and be treated with respect. Traditional society did not value women, they were to have lots of sons and stay loyal, while their husbands could have affairs and abuse them. Another reason I prefer the modern society is because of the reason that marriages were arranged in rational society. Romantic love is common and accepted in modern society where as in traditional society it was forbidden. People did not have a choice on who they could marry, which I believe is not right. Even though these societies have their differences, there are similarities as well, for example they both have some sort of family. Traditional societies had extended family's, and today families are usually smaller but there are many households in modern society that still have extended families. In conclusion, modern society provides more opportunism for individuals.

Moral and Ethics in Philosophy Literature review

Moral and Ethics in Philosophy - Literature review Example The mind-body problem according to Descartes the human bodies were likened to machinery that worked on their own rules taking no lead from anything else. This he explained giving an example of the involuntary actions that make the body get into action. He pointed out the reflex action of a human being could not have included the mind since the external stimuli activate the nerve ending of the body and force them to act. However, although the body was free, there were situations where the mind worked as a lever exerting pressure on the body to make it bend to the demands of the mind. According to Descartes, the body was physical, could be influenced by other material properties while the mind was non-physical, and, therefore, did not fall prey of any natural laws. Rene attributed the interaction of the body and the mind to the pineal gland found in the brain, as this is not duplicated in the other side of the brain and, therefore, provided a unifying factor in the interaction. He beli eved this interaction made it possible for the mind to exert influence over the body and make it act in a certain way. He also stated that the body was also capable of influencing the mind, which is rather rational, and forcing it into action through an act of passion. Following the assertions made by Descartes, Hobbes disagreed on the aspect of the immaterial mind and states that the mind is made up of sense, imagination, and the working of language and it does not consist of any other rational characteristic other than these. (Marmysz 180). According to Hobbes, all the ideas that human beings experience is resultant from our senses directly or indirectly, he explains how our thoughts work through the formation of ideas and a comprehensive look at sensations and the workings of imagination. Hobbes denies the existence of an immaterial mind and attempts to solve the mind-body problem through the philosophy of language. Hobbes attempts to solve the problem led him to come up with the signification theory, where he explains that, for example, in naming man introduces a mark in his mind to bring a conception concerning the item on which it is imposed to help him in the association process. He, therefore, states that naming is a way of putting marks on the memory (Marmysz 180). In his works, he states that aspects of language are arbitrary and conventional, through this, he fails to explain how then the marks for memory used in naming are able to be constant with different languages as Descartes pointed out when countering Hobbes views (Broughton and Carriero 18).  Ã‚  

Please choose the relevant title for my report Essay

Please choose the relevant title for my report - Essay Example Total quality management refers to designing an organizational environment where there is continuous improvement and delivery of high quality products to customers. Total quality management methods are strongly associated with techniques utilized during quality control. Quality is all about achieving superior degree of excellence. It is dependent on wide range of factors such as grade of service or product, safety, reliability, customer’s perception and consistency. There are various definitions of quality like conformance to specifications, fitness for usage, value for price, psychological criteria and supporting services. Dimensions of quality usually vary across service and manufacturing organizations (Tamimi and Sebastianelli, 2008). Service organizations exhibit higher quality level through consistency, atmosphere, friendliness, responsiveness, tangible factors and promptness. On the other hand, manufacturing firms possesses quality dimensions in the form of specification conformance, durability, performance, features, serviceability and reliability. The quality term has sustained since many years but there are changes incorporated within its definition. In business organizations, the quality concept was drastically altered during 1970s. The time frame between 1970 and 1980 resulted into US industries losing their market share due to intense foreign competition. Honda and Toyota supposedly became the largest players in automobile industry. Manufacturing firms during time period of 1970.

The Calendar Girl Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Calendar Girl - Movie Review Example In the movie, Dales poses strategically nude more than fifty pose. Despite being based on a true story, the nudity was not legally justified event in the community that contain naà ¯ve and developing children. The actions or the nudity in the movies deeply expresses the moral decay that might have the genesis of prostitution the society. Notably, until very late years, prostitution was an illegal act that was never recognized by the legal system and it warranted an arrest. Moreover, stripping clubs were never recognized as part of morals of the community; therefore, those that operated, did so illegally. Thus, the movie contains many scenes and arts that were illegal. For instance, the movies indicated ladies who were pips and their nude portraits were the order of the movie. The movie may also be regarded as the first export in the light comedy steamroller division that was ever found in the British film industry. However, most parts of the movie avoided the queasy class condescension such as the hell bent charmers that they relied on since the unemployed steel mill workers pegged their groove on thangs in the â€Å"The Full Monty.† Additionally, the British people are never expected to indulge in these actions. The women are related to the son of the coal miner who pirouetted in the â€Å"Billy Elliot†. They are compared to the tweedy widow whose work was to harvest dynamites weeds in the â€Å"Saving Grace†, all of which are illegal traits or actions that were never supported by the British legal systems (Calendar Girls 01:00: 37). The movie portrays Helen Mirren or Chris or Tricia Stewart (as in the real life story) as a lover of strip game. Moreover, she is the one who introduces or hatches the money making idea for the memory of Chris’ late husband’s memory. The group that engages in money collection are beautiful women. Apparently, they use their nudity as a means of collecting or attracting

The Story Of The Flivver King History Essay

The Story Of The Flivver King History Essay In the story of the Flivver King, Upton Sinclair wrote this book from the period in the early 20th century about of one of Americans most famous self-made business leaders of the 20th century, Henry Ford. The author explains the story through the eyes of a fictional character that idolizes Ford from a young age, that character is Abner Shutt. Abner is the main character in the book and from his viewpoint Sinclair shows the reader how Ford started off as a man who was thought to be a lunatic for his ideas of making a carriage that can move without the help of a horse, to becoming one of the most influential people of his time. The story follows the ideas and growth of what would become the Ford Motor Company through the eyes of the Shutt family, primarily Abner since he eventually works for Ford and advances himself in the company slowly. The story also shows how Abner grows into a family man who works for Ford for many years and how Henry Ford starts off with great intentions, brilli ant ideals, and hopes for his company and the workers in it. As shown in the book, one of Fords hopes at the beginning of the story is that he would be able to have his workers earn enough money so they may also have the means to buy a car. Upton Sinclair shows how Ford changes during the story and how at the end of the story, Ford and his ideals are changed by power and a few billion of dollars. The idolized leader of Ford had become a prisoner of his own wealth and power. In this story, Upton Sinclair wants the worker who is Abner Shutt to gather with other workers and form a strong labor union. During the story Abner is not waiting to organize anything like a Union at Ford due to his beliefs of what Henry Ford is about as a person and how much trouble it can potentially get him in. Sinclair originally wrote this book for the United Automobile Workers of America in the late 1930s so that people during this time period would understand that workers should have some basic rights to work in a safe environment with fair hours and pay. At this time at the turn of the century, many of the workers who would immigrate to America for work would often be exploited at many levels. This happened in all types of factories other than the automotive factories; Sinclair had seen factory worker abuse first hand in meat packing factories. Upton Sinclair was not just trying to be just another author but a revolutionary activist for the workers, who attempted to show peo ple firsthand what workers had to deal with when they were in the factories. By creating books like the Flivver King, Sinclair was attempting to show how much power the leaders of a major company can have and how it is unethical. Sinclair also shows how the power hungry leaders can start with good intentions and then just crave for more and more power. During this time Upton Sinclair realized that during this time when America was in the middle of another major industrial revolution after Ford and the birth of the major car industry. People who had ideals like Sinclair wanted to see more federal regulations in the American auto industry and he was showing how company leaders like Henry Ford would be against regulation and power to the workers since he feels that he would want to have the most possible control over his company and workers as a whole. Upton Sinclair felt that our nation at this time needed to establish a strong union where the workers can actually get help from a stronger organization when going against the corporations. Sinclair wanted a strong Union to help workers get what he feels they deserve, instead of becoming just another cog in the machine known as the abused industrial workforce at the time. After reading this book one would think that the reason why there is no strong presence of a labor union in this country is because of the risk that it presented for workers at the time. In the Flivver King, Henry Ford used thugs and goons to intimidate people from not causing a ruckus and not bringing the any kind of union into his company. Upton Sinclair said this in the book, as a beleaguered American socialist in a society that is generally unsympathetic to the plight of the less fortunate, Sinclair pondered the question of why Socialism did not gain a foothold in the minds of the American workers. (Sinclair, Pr eface viii, xi) Reading this from Sinclair makes the reader believe that since socialism did not gain a solid ground in the mindsets of the factory workers at the time prevented a chance and at a strong labor union, and it shows the reader that Americans can show little sympathetic to those who do not have a lifestyle as well as their own. After reading this, it is clear that Sinclair pities the American worker of this time period and he feels that if they could have embraced a more socialist mindset, there could have been some kind of organization to protect them from being exploited and possibly fired just by mentioning the very idea of trying to start or join anything like a union. Other issues in the work place were workers being killed by various factors like poor or unsafe work conditions, violent protest and strikes, and being beaten thugs. Sinclair thought that because of the difficult working conditions, some kind of regulation was needed from a higher power, and that higher power would be our very own government. He also thought that the people needed to stand up and do something in order for anything to happen. In the book, Sinclair uses Abners son Tom as an example of person trying to make a difference by attempting to make labor unions for auto workers a reality. Tom Shutt who was a college graduate from the University of Michigan was once a worker at a Ford gear plant, he was eventually was listed as a trouble maker by the company and he was shown working for the United Auto Workers. Tom would go into the towns where Ford had great influence he would try and show people how they can get the company to join the union. This proved to be an very dangerous job, especially in the towns where The Ford Motor Company had a strong impact. Also Sinclair shows us that greed that was a common theme in the book did not help a ny efforts to start labor unions in the auto industry. Sinclair believed that since characters like Ford had so much money and power at the time, they could also obtain political influence by attempting to urge the people to vote a for a certain candidate so their policies can maintain the status quo and keep labor unions from becoming a reality. Just a few years after this book was written there was an ongoing battle for Ford to Unionize, the United Auto Workers won, and now even today Ford Motor Company is part of the UAW. In the story, Upton Sinclair used the main characters in some way or another to support his arguments for why there should be a labor union for the workers in the auto factories. With his depiction of Henry Ford a self made billionaire who gets corrupted by the money, power, and the very empire he made. At first people thought of Ford a crackpot with lofty ideas, Abners mother said on the very first page of the book that he is a crazy person who is just fooling around all day. After Ford proves the doubters wrong he creates a strong following, and one of his most loyal followers happens to be Abner. The strange and misunderstood inventor gained so much power in a relatively short amount of time, and the power and wealth turned a peaceful and revolutionary inventor into a power hungry corporate leader who wanted to control everything around him. The next character that Sinclair uses is Abner Shutt, a loyal Ford follower from a young age since he saw the beginnings of Ford on Bagely St reet in Detroit, and later an employee of Henry Ford. Abner appeared to be oblivious to some of things that occurred at the Ford Company at the time. For most of the book he would address Mr. Ford with the upmost respect. With the company growing into a global business powerhouse Abner saw the company rise from humble beginning and with honest intentions. Later Abner saw the company grow to have spies and gang members working for Ford to prevent any type of action that Ford himself would not like. Abner even had one of his own family members Tom Shutt, suffer at the hands of the gang members for trying to make a difference for the factory workers. If a proper workers union would have been established earlier on, maybe his son Tom would not have been beaten by the thugs at Ford. Sinclair uses this compelling story to open the eyes of Americans to show them some of things that occurred to people who tried to make a difference in the world for all of the auto workers in America. He also shows how money and power can overwhelm people who start out with good and clean intentions to help and give products to those who cannot afford it or give good benefits to their workers. With this piece of literature, we now can understand how much of a need there is for a an auto workers union, so we can avoid falling back into a time where workers can be fired for the wrong reasons or killed by the company thugs for attempting to create a safety net for the auto factory workforce.

The Assyrian Sacred Tree Essay -- Mythology

A traditional interpretation of what has become known as the Assyrian Sacred Tree conceives of it as the date palm. Consisting of a series of nodes and interlacing vines, the depiction of the â€Å"tree† contradicts the morphological appearance of a date palm seems at best to be a highly abstracted consolidation of various botanical characteristics from separate distinct species. Despite recent proposals by several art historians and botanists to conclusively determine its proper classification, indubitable evidence unlocking the enigma behind this timeless symbol—a sacred fountainhead for many western religions originating in the Near East—has yet to uproot the deep seeded academic insistence on the date palm. The â€Å"Sacred Tree,† (fig. 1) was originally positioned behind the king’s throne. The scene shows two genii, sometimes with birds’ heads and sometimes with men’s heads and the horned hats of gods. Each of the winged figures holds a bucket and reaches out with an oval object toward a stylized â€Å"tree.† The composition has been read as being based on bilateral symmetry, with the vertical stalk-like structure crowned by a palmette. A meticulous examination reveals that although balanced, it has many discrepancies on both sides that deviate from perfect mirror symmetry. Ashurnasirpal appears twice, shown from two sides, dressed in ceremonial robes and holding a mace connoting his authority. The figure of the king on the right makes an invocative gesture a god in a winged disk in the top center of the relief. Ashur, the national god or Shamash, the god of the sun and justice, may be identified as the god who confers the king divine right. On t he left, the king holds a ring, an ancient Mesopotamian symbol of divine kingship, in one... ...ee of Life." Economic Botany 56, no. 2 (2002): 113-29. Parpola, Simo. "The Assyrian Tree of Life: Tracing the Origins of Monotheism and Greek Philosophy." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 52 (1993): 161-208. Porter, Barbara Nevling. "Sacred Trees, Date Palms, and the Royal Persona of Ashurnasirpal II." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 52, no. 2 (1993): 129-39. Reade, Julian. Assyrian sculpture. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983. Richardson, Seth. "An Assyrian Garden of Ancestors: Room I, Northwest Palace, Kalhu." State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 13 (1999): 145-216. Tylor, Edward B.. The Winged Figures of The Assyrian and other Ancient Monuments. London: Society of Biblical Archaeology, 1890. Winter, Irene. "Ornament and the 'Rhetoric of Abundance' in Assyria." Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies 27 (2003): 252-264, at 253.

Ap Bio Lab One: Osmosis and Diffusion

Meghann Kiphart AP Biology Lab Report Number One Mrs. Irvine Introduction: Because all molecules have kinetic energy and are constantly in motion cells go through a process called diffusion. Diffusion is the movement if molecules from an area of higher concentration to and area of lower concentration. This process with continue to occur until an equilibrium is reached. Osmosis is a different and unique kind of diffusion. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a permeable membrane. The phrase â€Å"permeable membrane† means that the membrane will only allow specific molecules through such a water or oxygen.In Osmosis water will travel from an area of higher water potential or an area of lower water potential. Hypothesis: I think that in this lab, osmosis and diffusion will occur between the solutions of different concentrations until a equilibrium is reached and there is no movement of water. Materials: EXERCISE 1A: Diffusion The materials include a 30-cm piece of 2. 5-cm di alysis tubing, 15-mL of the 15% glucose/1% starch solution, 250-mL beaker, distilled water, 4-mL Lugol’s solution, and string. EXERCISE 1B: Osmosis The materials used include 25-mL of these solutions: distilled water, 0. M sucrose, 0. 4M sucrose, 0. 6M sucrose, 0. 8M sucrose, and 1. 0M sucrose, scissors, string, a balance, six 250-mL cups, and six 30cm strips of dialysis tubing. EXERCISE 1C: Water Potential The materials that were used included 50mL of distilled water, 0. 2M sucrose, 0. 4M sucrose, 0. 6M sucrose, 0. 8M sucrose, and 1. 0M sucrose, six 250mL cups with lids, 4 potato cores for each cup, a balance, and paper towel. EXERCISE 1D: Calculation of Water Potential from Experimental Data This exercise required a calculator and a pencil. Procedure: EXERCISE 1A:Soak the dialysis tubing in water before you start the experiment. Tie off one end of the tubing to form a bag like structure. Through the open end of the bad, place the starch solution in to the bag. Tie off the o ther end of the bag to secure the substance inside. Make sure to record the color of the solution in Table 1. 1. Next you’re going to text the starch solution for the presence of glucose. Record the results in Table 1. 1. Fill a 250ml cup about 2/3 of the way full with distilled water. Add 4ml of Lugol’s solution into the distilled water. Record the color of the solution in the Table 1. . Put the bag in the cup full of the solution. Allow the bag and cup to stand over night. The next day record the final color of the solution in Table 1. 1. Finally test the liquid in the cup and in the bag for the presence of glucose. Record the final results in Table 1. 1. EXERCISE 1B: Get six strips of presoaked dialysis tubing and create a bag like was shown in exercise 1A. Pour 25mL of the six solutions into each of the six bags. Tie off the other end of the bags. Rinse each bag gently with distilled water and dry the outside of the bag with a paper towel.Weigh each bag and record the results in Table 1. 2. Put each of the six bags into the cups with the six different solutions. Let stand over night. The next day remove the bags from the water and carefully dry the bags with paper towel. Weigh each bag and record them in Table 1. 2. Gather the other lab group’s data to be able to complete Table 1. 3. EXERCISE 1C: Pour 50mL of the solutions into a labeled 250mL cups. Using a cork borer, cut the potato into 24 cylinders. (4 potato cores x 6 cups = 24 potato cores altogether) weigh the mass of each set of 4 potato cores.Record the data in Table 1. 4. Put 4 potato cores into each solution cup. Cover the cup with a lid to prevent evaporation. Let stand overnight. Remove cores from the cup and dry them with a paper towel. Then determine there combined weigh in groups of 4 (from the same cup). Record the results in Table 1. 4. Calculate the percentages changes in mass. Collect the class data and determine the class change in mass. EXPERIMENT 1D: Determine the solute, pressure, and the water potential of the sucrose solution. Then, graph the information that is given about the zucchini cores. Questions:EXPERIMENT 1A: 1. Which substances are entering the bag and which are leaving the bag? What evidence supports the answer? Distilled water and IKI are leaving and entering. Glucose is able to leave the bag. 2. Explain the results that were obtained. Include the concentration differences and membrane pore size in the discussion. Glucose and small molecules were able to move through the pores. Water and IKI moved from high to low concentration. 3. How could this experiment be modified so that quantitative data could be collected to show that water diffused into the dialysis bag?You could mass the bag before and after it is placed into the solution. 4. Based on your observations, rank the following by relative size, beginning with the smallest: glucose molecules, water molecules, IKI molecules, membrane pores, and starch molecules. Water molec ules, IKI molecules, Glucose molecules, membrane pores, and starch molecules. 5. what results would you expect if the experiment started with a glucose and IKI solution inside the bag and only starch and water outside? The glucose and IKI would move out of the bag and turn the starch and water solution purple/ blue.The starch couldn’t move inside the bag because its molecules are too big to pass through the membrane of the tubing. EXERCISE 1B: 1. Explain the relationship between the change in mass and the molarity of sucrose within the dialysis bags. The solute in hypertonic and water will move into the bag. As the molarity increases the water moves into the bag. 2. Predict what would happen to the mass of each bag in the experiment of all the bags were places in a 0. 4M sucrose solution instead of distilled water. With the 0. 2M bag, the water would move out. With the 0. M bag, there will be no net movement of water because the solutions reach equilibrium. With the 0. 6M-1. 0M bags the water would move into the bags. 3. Why did you calculate the percent change in mass rather then simply using the change in mass? This was calculated because each group began with different initial masses and we would have different data. All the groups need consistent data. 4. A dialysis bag is filled with distilled water and then places in a sucrose solution. The bag’s initial mass is 20g and its final mass is 18g. Calculate the percent change of mass, showing your calculations. 18-20)/20) x 100 = 10% 5. The sucrose solution in the cup would have been hypotonic to the distilled water in the bag. EXPERIMENT 1D 1. If the potato core is allowed to dehydrate by sitting in the open air, would the water potential of the potato cells decrease or increase? Why? It would decrease because the water would leave the cells and cause the water potential to go down. 2. If a plant cell has a lower water potential then its surrounding environment and if pressure is equal to zero, is the cell hypertonic or hypotonic to its environment?Will the cell gain water or lose water? It is hypotonic and it will gain water. 3. The cup is open to the atmosphere, what is the pressure potential of the system? The pressure potential is zero. 4. Where is the greatest water potential? In the dialysis bag. 5. Water will diffuse out of the bag. Why? It is because the water moves from the area of high water potential to an area of lower water potential. 6. What effect does adding solute have on the solute potential component of the solution? Why? It makes it more negative 7.Consider what would happen to a red blood sell placed in distilled water: A) which would have the higher concentration of water molecules? Distilled Water B) which would have the higher water potential? Distilled Water C) what would happen to the red blood cell? Why? It would leak, because it would take to much water. Conclusion: In Exercise 1A the data collected helped tell which molecules can and can not m ove across a cell membrane. IKI, we know because of its color change, was able to move across a membrane. Starch, although, is too large to move across a membrane.Glucose was able to move freely, along with the water, across the cell membrane. In 1B, it was proven that water moves faster across the cell membrane then sucrose. The water moved to help reach equilibrium between the 2 solutions. The sucrose molecules are too big to move across the membrane as fast as water can. In experiment 1C showed that the potatoes contained sucrose. The sucrose in the potato raised the solute potential, which lowered the water potential. The cup of distilled water had a high water potential water moves down the concentration gradient, causing the potato cores to take on water.

A Personalised Induction Will Always Be More Effective The WritePass Journal

A Personalised Induction Will Always Be More Effective Introduction A Personalised Induction Will Always Be More Effective , p.24). Based on this, it is clear that the authoritarian approach is not viable, and as a result, it is not logical to oppose the personalised approach based on Hulls perspective since he does not take into account preferences and expectations of the participants. In addition, Freud’s research asserts that the process of hypnosis would give better results when the subject was on deep trance. Like Hull, Freud adopted the authoritarian technique in a more assertive manner hoping that he would get better results (Sofroniou 2010, p.12). He was particularly interested in the technique because he believed that it was the perfect way of accessing forgotten events and emotions, a cathartic process, which gave relief to his clients. However, Freud became uncomfortable with hypnosis because his patients did not respond uniformly to the process. He was also afraid that the direct suggestion technique might do away with symptoms that were important for the clients to retain. In addition, Freud had worries over the sexual perceptions that surrounded the hypnotic process, which labelled a client as ‘giving herself’ emotionally to the psychiatrist. Because of these reasons, as well as lack of sufficient experience with hypnosis both throu gh research and clinically, Freud decided to quit hypnosis (Zeig Munion 1999, p.48-49). If Freud had adopted the permissive approach, he would have succeeded because the personalised approach relies on suggestions that are in line with the client’s expectations, desires and likes, and as a result, the clients could not lose any important symptom. The permissive technique would also help him to eliminate the ill-sexual perception, since it gives the client greater responsibility unlike the authoritarian technique. State and the role theory Advocates of the state theory, which asserts that hypnotic induction arouses a unique modified state of consciousness in the patient, base their argument on the notable changes that occur to the brain during hypnosis, and to the dramatic effects, which hypnosis can cause such as the disappearance of warts and insensitivity to pain. They also claim that sometimes, both hypnotised and non-hypnotised participants take instructions differently. For instance, in a certain study, both the hypnotised and non-hypnotised were told to run their hands through their hair once they heard the word ‘experiment. The pretenders carried out the suggestion only when the psychiatrist said the word, but the hypnotised participants complied regardless of who gave the suggestion (Coon, Mitterer, Talbot Vanchella, 2010, p.194). Based on this, opponents of the personalised induction claim that the authoritative approach is as effective as the permissive approach. They support their claim by asserting that participants who do not respond to the permissive technique can respond to the authoritarian technique effectively, particularly those who respect authoritarian figures in their life. Moreover, advocates of the role theory assert that hypnosis is not a special state of consciousness. They argue that some of the changes linked with hypnosis can also take place without it. They claim that hypnotised people just comply with the demands of the situation, and act in conformity with a special role. From this point of view, hypnosis provides a socially logical reason to comply with someone’s suggestions, in the same way as a physical exam, which provides a logical reason of removing clothes on request. Supporters of the role theory justify their claims by arguing that non-hypnotised participants sometimes exhibit behaviours that are usually linked with hypnosis (Bernstein Nash, 2008, p.153). Based on this, I disagree with the opponents of the personalised induction who adopt the role theory to support their stance, because the theory rejects the idea of hypnosis without providing concrete reasons. The dissociation theory The dissociation theory provides substantial reasons why the personalised inductions should be adopted during the hypnotic process. The theory suggests that hypnosis is not a single specific state, but the general condition, which temporarily reorganises our normal control over actions and thoughts. Dissociation allows body movements to occur under voluntary control and the involuntary processes to be controlled voluntarily. As Hilgard proposed this theory, he asserted that the relaxation of control occurs because of the social agreement between the hypnotist and the hypnotised person to share control (Bernstein Nash, 2008, p.153-154). In other words, the theory supports the idea that for the process to be effective, the participant should be an active participant, something advocated in the personalised induction approach. Modern hypnosis Based on contemporary hypnosis, a personalised induction seems to be the most effective approach in hypnosis. The approach takes into account the client’s values, desires, and it views the subjects as active participants. It also supports the idea that it is imperative to have the patient as relaxed as possible, get them involved in the in the process, and discuss the expectations and goals of attending the therapy with the client. Furthermore, the modern hypnotherapist starts the therapy session by establishing a rapport with their patients, which is a key aspect of the personalised induction approach (Gaschler 2009, p.21). In the course of the personalised induction, strong relationships between the clients and the therapist are necessary in order to ensure the client is fully involved in the process. Learning Modalities Overtime, personalised induction has stood out as the best because it takes into consideration learning modalities, which are key channels through which people receive, store, and give information. Modality is comprised of perception, sensation, and memory and the key senses include smell, taste, visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic. Knowledge of modalities enables therapists to personalise screeds for each client. When a patients modalities are ascertained, it becomes easy to discuss with them in a way that makes them feel comfortable and relaxed (Hogan LaBay 2007, p.226-239). As a result, it becomes easy to achieve the objective of the therapy. Conclusion The above discussion has suggested that personalised induction is more effective than the authoritarian approach. This is because we have different likes, dislikes, desires, perceptions, and we come from different cultural backgrounds. Consequently, to achieve remarkable results in the process of hypnosis, the hypnotist should take into consideration all this aspects. Although a standardized approach (authoritative approach) can be effective in some instances, it only works on subjects who respect the authoritative figures. Moreover, the authoritative technique assumes that all people react in the same manner to suggestions. However, this should not be the case since we possess different traits. Thus, the personalised induction or the permissive approach is the only method through which noteworthy results can be achieved during the hypnotic process, since it acknowledges that we have different likes, dislikes, perceptions and that we come from diverse cultural backgrounds. References Bernstein, D. A., Nash, P. W. (2008). Essentials of psychology. Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin. Chapman, R. A. (2006). The clinical use of hypnosis in cognitive behavior therapy a practitioners casebook. New York, NY, Springer Pub. Coon, D., Mitterer, J. O., Talbot, S., Vanchella, C. M. (2010). Introduction to psychology: gateways to mind and behavior. Belmont, Calif, Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Erickson, M. H., Rossi, E. L., Ryan, M. O. (1998). Mind-body communication in hypnosis. London, Free Association. Gaschler, T. (2009). Modern hypnosis techniques Pt. 1. Pt. 1. [Bad Sachsa], Steiner. Hamill, D. (2012). An Introduction to Hypnosis Hypnotherapy. Bolton, MA, eBookIt.com. Hawkins, P. (2006). Hypnosis and stress a guide for clinicians. Chichester, England, Wiley. Hogan, K., LaBay, M. (2007). Through the Open Door: Secrets of Self-hypnosis. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing. James, U. (2006). Clinical hypnosis textbook: a guide for practical intervention. Oxford, Radcliffe Publishing. Pintar, J., Lynn, S. J. (2009). Hypnosis a Brief History. Chichester, John Wiley Sons Sheehan, L. (2005). Basic Hypnosis Manual. Raleigh, North Carolina: Lulu. Simpkins, C. A. (2001). Self-Hypnosis: Plain and Simple. Tuttle Pub. Sofroniou, A. (2010). The misinterpretation of Sigmund Freud. [Raleigh, N.C. ], Lulu Com. Zeig, J. K., Munion, W. M. (1999). Milton H. Erickson. London, Sage Publications.

Some Effects of Lead Contamination on Liver and Gallbladder Bile

Some Effects of Lead Contamination on Liver and Gallbladder Bile Article Summary Lead poisoning is one of the common health problems affecting mankind today (Bhagwat, Patil, Sontakkem, 2008). The article â€Å"Some Effects of Lead Contamination on Liver and Gallbladder Bile† explores the toxic effects of lead on the human liver.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on â€Å"Some Effects of Lead Contamination on Liver and Gallbladder Bile† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the article, lead â€Å"results in weight loss, poor liver functioning, and abdominal pain† (Bhagwat et al., 2008, p. 3). The authors wanted to examine how lead affects the hepatobiliary system. This system is mainly composed of the gallbladder and the liver. Medicines containing lead affect the normal functioning of the liver. The toxin can also result in â€Å"peri-portal inflammation† (Sipos et al., 2003, p. 140). The â€Å"toxic compound also causes proliferation-effect on smooth muscle cells† (Sipos et al., 2003, p. 141). Increased levels of lead will eventually result in liver damage. This situation occurs because there are free radicals associated with the toxin. Lead also â€Å"disturbs most of the biochemical processes associated with the hepatobiliary system† (Sipos et al., 2003, 141). This compound can eventually produce gallstones in the liver (Sipos et al., 2003). Review of the Article The article supports the toxicological effects of lead. According to many studies, lead is a toxic natural compound. The compound can be found in different food materials and water. The absence of a feedback mechanism explains why this toxin is less available. However, continued intake of certain compounds such as â€Å"amino acids, vitamin D, ascorbic acid, fats, and sodium citrate increases chances of lead poisoning† (Sipos et al., 2003, p. 140). The article goes further to highlight the effects of lead on the human liver. The compound als o affects the intestinal system. It causes abdominal discomfort. The â€Å"toxic compound also stimulates intercellular signaling between hepatocytes and Kupffer cells† (Sipos et al., 2003, p. 141).Advertising Looking for article on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lead will eventually result in liver damage. Lead also affects different biliary processes in the body. Many people have developed numerous health complications due to prolonged exposure to this compound. That being the case, people should embrace the best practices in order to address the problems associated with lead poisoning. This practice will support the health needs of many people in the society. Analysis and Discussion The authors have used a proper approach to complete their study. They have highlighted the potential sources of lead. They have also analyzed the pathways associated with lead poisoning. They have also ex amined how this compound affects different systems in the body. The compound is also deposited in the liver. It affects the normal functioning of the organ. Prolonged exposure to the toxin will also affect many body functions (Bhagwat et al., 2008). This discussion supports most of the concepts gained in class. The authors have also explained how continued exposure to the compound can affect different biliary processes (Sipos et al., 2003). The body is also a complex system. Every organ or system supports a wide range of biological processes. Failure of different organs will â€Å"affect the normal functioning of the other systems† (Bhagwat et al., 2008, p. 5). This knowledge encourages people to focus on the best health practices. Patients should get the best medical support after ingesting large quantities of lead. New studies are also required in order to understand how this toxic compound affects other body systems. This knowledge will support the health needs of many pop ulations.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on â€Å"Some Effects of Lead Contamination on Liver and Gallbladder Bile† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Bhagwat, V., Patil, A., Sontakkem, A. (2008). Occupational Lead Exposure and Liver Functions in Battery Manufacture Workers around Kolhapur (Maharashtra). Al Ameen Journal of Medical Science, 1(1), 2-9. Kacew, S., Lee, B. (2013). Lu’s Basic Toxicology: Fundamentals, Target Organs, and Risk Assessment. New York, NY: Information Healthcare. Sipos, P., Szentmihalyi, K., Feher, E., Abaza, M., Szilagyi, M.,†¦Blazovics, A. (2003). Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 47(1), 139-142.

Why International and Domestic Terrorist Hate Research Paper

Why International and Domestic Terrorist Hate - Research Paper Example The fight against terrorism is a global responsibility however, there is need to identify why these terrorist groups target specific regions and nations while attacking. According to LaFree et al (2012) international terrorism has been a threat in USA since 1970. The targets being populated areas and government premises. The tactics have changed over the years but the impacts of their attacks have been devastating both to the affected individuals and the country’s economy. The major tactics used by al- Qaeda remains facility attacks such as the September 11 attack. The main aim of these terror groups is to psychologically and physically affect their targets. The higher the causality would imply their success in their attack. The first reason as to why the hate is the fact that the two regional locations of USA and the terror group have had its historical differences. The historical rivalry has played part in making USA their target. Historical differences have culminated into hatred and lack of trust between the terror group and the nation. The previous leaders of the group also have had their differences with the state hence this has played part in creating animosity between the country and Al- Qaeda. Ideological differences have also played part in making USA the target of al-Qaeda. This revolves around both political and philosophical ideologies. Political stands by the state have meant that they develop their national agenda based on what the state believes is the rule of law (Borgeson & Valeri, 2009). On the other hand the group advocates for traditional methodology in governance and lifestyle. Different political ideologies has meant that the United State revise their military policy to offer aid to their allies. This means that the country has been actively involved in world politics. In most cases the military aid has meant reducing the military prowess of this terror

Literature review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature review - Research Paper Example Based on various reports, it is suggested that in any kind of treatment for sleep apnea, a strict adherence to treatment methods is the key for prolonged AHI reduction among patients. Literature Review: Sleep Apnea Treatment Trials Sleep apnea is defined as the cessation of airflow through the nose or mouth for at least 10 seconds every sleeping hour, which decreases at least 3% oxyhemoglobin in the blood and a reduction of 50% in oxygen intake among patients (Noseda, et al., 2004). The total of apnea (due to obstruction) and hypopnea (airflow reduction) events during sleep is measured as the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and the number is positively correlated to the severity of sleep apnea. Possible causes are multifactorial, ranging from abnormal cranial structures, relaxed airway muscles or problems with respiratory control during sleep (Barnes, et al., 2009). Effects can range from excessive daytime sleepiness, dysfunction in the patient’s metabolism and neurocognition, car diovascular disorders, and mood swings with a decreased quality of life (Ackel-D’Elia, et al., 2012; Kline, et al., 2012; Quan, et al., 2007). The most widely accepted methods to alleviate the symptoms of apnea are either surgery or the use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask, to increase the oxygen intake during sleep (Quan, et al., 2007; Sengul, et al., 2011). However, several researches have emerged that have significant or comparable results by using less-invasive procedures such as increasing physical activity levels or combining it with other methods, and while the issue of the low number of participants in some studies can be a hindrance to the acceptability of exercise as a way to reduce apnea effects, the number of trials that affirm positive effects must be looked upon to consider it as an effective and non-invasive alternative treatment for sleep apnea. Physical Activity Trials The increasing numbers of overweight and obesity triggered an increase in the number of patients suffering from sleep apnea, and one of the main reasons is that there is less physical activity that strengthens the muscles of the air passages and lungs, making the respiratory muscles weak and relaxed, preventing sufficient breathing of air (Barnes, et al., 2009; Giebelhaus, et al., 2000). In a study that compared a group of sleep apnea sufferers against a control-group, a simple six-minute walk test was used to assess breathing patterns, heart rate, blood pressure, and dyspnea (Alameri, Al-Kabab, & BaHammam, 2010). The study found out that while the physical activity did not cause drastic effects to the sleep apnea group, their hemodynamic responses were abnormal compared to the control group, concluding that a simple test can assess significant effects of mild physical activity otherwise unnoticeable by the patients. The study had limitations such as selection of low-risk participants for the control group, not investigating other contributing factors in exercise limitation, and conducting the study on a single ethnic group. However, further studies that are comprised by various ethnic groups may be studied and physical activity programs may be used in combination with their methods to establish the possibility of using the procedure for sleep apnea prognosis. The effects of exercise in sleep apnea on any kind of body-mass index (BMI),

Dewey believes that the only real education Essay

Dewey believes that the only real education - Essay Example Those so-called educators and journalistic professionals who continue to lament the death of critical thinking among the modern youth do so because they no longer understand, nor belong, to the new age of education and information technology. Academicians and journalists tend to be resistant to changes around them and, therefore, tend to cry out that critical thinking has passed on (Males, â€Å"Critics of Student's Critical Thinking Ain't Either†). They fail to see that critical thinking has merely taken on a new shape and form. One that is consistent with the continued evolution of the critical thinking and mental capacity of the future generations of learners and academicians. The critics who view critical thinking as a dead practice among the students of today base that point of view on their incomplete observation based upon the Foundation for Critical Thinking's definition of â€Å"critical thinking† (Males, â€Å"Critics of Student's Critical Thinking Ain't Eith er† ) as: ... the intellectual scrutiny of a given statement's "purpose, problem, or question-at- issue; assumptions; concepts; empirical grounding; reasoning leading to conclusions; implications and consequences; objections from alternative viewpoints; and frame of reference. Nothing could be further from the truth. In reality, the advent of the Internet has allowed students to learn outside of the four corners of the classroom. No longer are the university professors or high school teachers viewed as infallible mentors in their areas of teaching expertise. These days, students can easily verify any given information with a few taps into a search engine. Thus, allowing them the freedom question the authority of their educators when it comes to certain information being fed to them. Students can no longer be spoon-fed these days. Instead, educators must be prepared to answer questions based upon the personal learning or research of students. The likes of Google, Bing, and Yaho o search engines have presented students with an opportunity to clarify certain information for themselves (Carr, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?† ), as class discussions have left them with more questions than answers. Then they go back to their teachers and ask them to explain further. That is why the belief that the Internet and its search engines have made our students stupid is actually without basis. The Internet has rather produced a new era of students who no longer take their teacher's word for anything. Which is why teachers now need to be more up to date and even more addicted to research via Internet than their students are if they do not wish to be shown up as lacking in actual expertise on the subjects they teach. Cable television shows and channels, such as the National Geographic, Animal Planet, Discovery, and the History Channel, have also contributed greatly to the forward thinking and critical analysis skills of the students today. While everything taught in school tends to be one-dimensional and lecture-type, these cable channels have provided students with an almost hands on learning ability about these highly interesting topics that tend to become boring when taught in school. Learning is no longer limited to Board of Education approved books with boring, black and white illustrations. These days, learning is a highly interactive process that

United Farm Workers and Mexican Americans Essay Example for Free

United Farm Workers and Mexican Americans Essay The 1960s was a turbulent decade in the American history, filled with conflict over issues brought up by many different minority groups to form the various Civil Rights Movements. In this decade, the Chicano Movement started to gain a mass following and became a dynamic force of social change. Similar to blacks, Mexican Americans were plagued by police brutality, poverty, and inequality. In the pursuit of tackling these problems, the history of Chicanos in California consisted of the convergence of multiple movements: A youth movement represented in the struggle against discrimination in schools; the farm workers movement; and the movement for political empowerment, most notably in the formation of La Raza Unida Party1. The organizing efforts and achievements in California had major impact on the fate of Mexican Americans. Improvements in barrios, farm-labor camps, school districts and politic representation, led other states to sought reform. Education has long been a primary target of Mexican American activists and reformers. The Mexican American community had the highest high school dropout rate and lowest college attendance amongst all ethnic groups. As a result of the constant underestimation of students as well as the failure to upkeep facilities, a hostile learning environment was manifested. Their goals included bilingual, bicultural education, Latino teachers and administrators, smaller class sizes, better facilities and the revision of the text books to incorporate Mexican American history. In turn, Chicano students and activists decided to make their struggle public in order to pressure school boards into compliance of their demands for education reforms. In March of 1968, thousands of students walked out of their high school in L. A. protesting racial inequality among their school district. Their effects were not wasted, as the school board recognized their efforts by recruiting and hiring more Chicano teachers and administrators2. Ultimately, this inspired high school protest across the nation. College campuses also formed groups, like the United Mexican American Students, with the purposes to enforce for more Chicano study programs, financial aid, and Mexican faculty. Activists fought for bilingual educational programs and in schools and won in 1976, their hard work created more than 50 Chicano studies program in colleges. 3 Changes were not immediately apparent in high schools; however a significant change occurred in the college recruitment of Latinos and educational programs. Though most of the demands were not met, the walkouts unified and empowered the Chicano community, which in the process became a political force. Another focus of the Chicanos had been politics. Their goals encompassed the increase of Chicano candidates in the political arena, convincing non-Chicano candidates to commit themselves to the need of Mexican American community, conducting broad-scale voter registration and community organization drives, and for more Chicanos in government offices. 4 Rather than representation within the two major political parties—democrat and republic—activists established an organization dedicated to their empowerment, the El Partido de la Raza Unida. Found in 1970 by Jose Angel Gutierrez and Mario Compean, the party became active in community organizing and electoral politics statewide, campaigned for better housing, work, and educational opportunities5. The changes they fought for was made possible by combining mass action: firing of racist teachers, protecting high school student rights, and taking advantage of federal government monies they were entitled to, but was not utilized by the previous city government. Police polices were modified as well to benefit Chicano communities. The La Raza Unida Party leaders also worked to raise the wages of school and city workers to encourage unionization6. Though La Raza Unida is no longer a registered political party in the United States, its legacy is still very much alive, affecting the lives of Mexican Americans today. One aspect of the Chicano movement highlighted the rights of the workers in the fields of California. In order to fight against harsh working conditions, low wages and discrimination of Mexican farm workers, the United Farmworkers Union Organizing Committee was established. Led by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta, the UFWOC accomplished its greatest victory when their strikes, boycotts, convinced the largest table grape grower, John Guimara Sr. , to only hire workers represented by the union. Despite their victory, union leaders struggled to create a union to represent all agricultural workers; As a result a three-month strike by grape workers in California began. Due to the efforts of Chavez and his union in 1975, California passed the Agricultural Labor Relations Act; which guaranteed farm workers’ rights to organize. 71 Although seen as an accomplishment, more restrictions were placed on the actions of unions. Today, agricultural workers in California are still being exploited, working in poor conditions with little pay and limited representation. Chicanos in California have played no small role in the social, economic, and political development of California. Not only is California home to majority of the Mexican Americans population in the United States, but also it is the scene of Chicano cultural Renaissance and has contributed to Hispanic cultural renaissance in the United States. California has also been the home of Chicano publication—including magazines, newspapers, and scholarly journals. 7 Although much of the problems faced by Chicanos in the 20th century had been resolved through reforms during the Civil Rights Era, many Mexican Americans are still being marked by oppression and exploitation. Not only in the field, but industries as well. They are often found working at wage jobs and poor conditions. Over the next few decades, other social reforms for Mexican Americans can be expected. Almost six decades after it began, the Chicano Movement still holds a visible impact on California. As a result of activism in politics, education, and farm work, much of the hardship faced by Chicanos in the early history of California have been resolved. The most prominent outcome of the Chicano Movement are still within academia, with the formation of numerous student centers at college campuses across the nation that aims to students of color as well as the establishment of Chicano Studies Departments and so on. The Literary and art movements of the 1970s also left an enduring mark on the Chicano community. The impact of Chicanos in California gave rise to countless Chicano communities where none existed before. Although activists today are still working on the struggles faced by Chicanos today in various fields, such as farm work, their movement in the 1960s has surely impacted California social, economic and political standing.